汶川地震导致的古建筑震害  

Damage of ancient Chinese architecture caused by the Wenchuan Earthquake

作　　者：周乾[1,2] 闫维明[1] 杨小森[1] 纪金豹[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京工业大学工程抗震与结构诊治北京市重点实验室,北京100124 [2]故宫博物院,北京100009

出　　处：《文物保护与考古科学》2010年第1期37-45,共9页Sciences of Conservation and Archaeology

基　　金：故宫博物院科研基金资助(KT2007-4)

摘　　要：为了解汶川地震造成的古建筑震害及对古建筑的保护,根据古建筑震害资料,通过归纳方法,获得了古建筑不同的震害症状:对木结构而言,主要有地基破坏、柱底侧移、柱身倾斜、节点拔榫、装修开裂、梁架歪闪、瓦件掉落、填充墙破坏等;而砖石及砖木结构由于承重材料的抗拉、压、剪强度相对较差,容易产生倒塌等严重震害。在此基础上,通过勘查分析方法,获得了古建筑产生震害的主要原因:地震力过大、古建筑缺乏及时保养与加固、施工原因及砖石材料本身强度差的原因等。针对不同的震害原因,提出了相应的抗震加固建议。在上述工作基础上,得出如下结论:为提高古建筑的抗震性能,应加强对古建筑的维护与加固,及时清除各种隐患,将地震产生的破坏减小到最轻的程度。The different types of damage caused to ancient Chinese architecture by the Wenchuan earthquake were summarized as a basis for protecting such ancient structures in the future. For wooden structures,destruction of foundations, shift of column bases, incline of columns, separation of tenons from mortises, cracks in the decoration, incline of the roof system, loss of tiles, collapse of filler walls, etc were found. Masonry and brick - wooden structures, because the materials＇ anti - dragging, anti - pressure and anti - shearing force strengths are relatively weak,tended to collapse during the earthquake. Conclusion was drawn that the main reasons for damage to ancient structures are the extremely strong seismic force, the lack of timely maintenance and reinforcement of the ancient structures, poor construction, the natural weakness of masonry materials, etc. Possible aseismic reinforcement remedies for each dam- age type were recommanded. Based on the above work, it is concluded that to improve the aseismic capability of ancient Chinese structures and to minimize earthquake damage, more effort should be put into maintenance and reinforcement and timely removal of latent problems.

关 键 词：汶川地震 古建筑 震害分析 抗震加固 

分 类 号：TU366.2[建筑科学—结构工程]