添加小麦秸秆对猪粪高温堆肥腐熟进程的影响  

Effect of wheat straw on maturing of pig manure high-temperature composting

作　　者：卢秉林[1] 王文丽[1] 李娟[1] 马忠明[1] 

机构地区：[1]甘肃省农业科学院土壤肥料与节水农业研究所,兰州730070

出　　处：《环境工程学报》2010年第4期926-930,共5页Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering

基　　金：国家绿色农业科学研究与示范项目(2007-12-2);甘肃省农业科学院农业科技创新专项(2009GAAS27)

摘　　要：选用猪粪与小麦秸秆为堆肥原料进行高温好氧堆肥实验，研究添加小麦秸秆对猪粪高温好氧堆肥过程中堆体温度、pH值、种子发芽指数、碳氮比和养分等理化指标的影响，寻求猪粪高温堆肥时的最佳秸秆配比，旨在为猪粪快速资源化利用提供科学依据。结果表明，猪粪高温堆肥时添加小麦秸秆可以缩短进入高温发酵阶段的时间，减少氮素损失，加快C／N的降低速率，加速有毒有害物质分解。其中猪粪和小麦秸秆6：4处理各层温度在2～5d内上升至50℃，并持续37～46d，在堆肥结束时，有机质和速效氮含量较堆肥初期下降幅度最小，分别为33．90％和23．76％，全氮、全磷、全钾、速效磷和速效钾含量较堆肥初期提高幅度最大，分别为13．34％、20．24％、53．19％、41．53％和16．57％。若以种子发芽指数80％作为堆肥腐熟的评价指标，猪粪和小麦秸秆6：4配比堆肥的腐熟速度比纯猪粪快18d，36d即可腐熟。综合判断，实际应用中，猪粪与小麦秸秆按体积6：4进行堆肥较为适宜。Effect of wheat straw on the change of temperature, pH, germination index, the ratio of C/N, nutrient and other physical and chemical indexes were studied during pig manure high-temperature and aerobic composting with pig manure and wheat straw as raw materials, to seek the optimal ratio of wheat straw and pig manure high-temperature eomposting, to provide a scientific basis for pig manure rapid resource utilization. The results showed that during composting of the pig manure, adding wheat straw could short the time of reaching high-temperature fermentation, the loss of nitrogen decreased, the decline ratio of C/N enhanced, the decompo- sition of toxic and harmful substances accelerated. The every layer temperature of at 6：4 mixture of pig manure and wheat straw rose to 50℃ in 2 - 5 days, and high-temperature lasted for 37 ~ 46 days. At the end of compos- ting, the decrease extent of organic matter and available nitrogen content were smallest compared with that at the initial stage, decreasing by 33.90% and 23.76% , respectively, the increase extent of total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium, available phosphorus and available potassium content were greatest compared with that at the initial stage,increasing by 13.34% , 20.24% , 53.19% , 41.53% and 16.57% , respectively. Germina- tion index 80% was used as the index of maturity of composting, the rate of maturity of at 6：4 mixture of pig manure and wheat straw faster than pure pig manure for 18 days, and it was reached maturity after 36 days of composting. Comprehensive analysis showed that 6：4 of pig manure and wheat straw was more suitable for composting in practical applications.

关 键 词：猪粪 小麦秸秆 堆肥 

分 类 号：S141.4[农业科学—肥料学]