不同下垫面条件下坡面蓄水保土效益试验研究  

Experiment Study on Soil and Water Conservation Benefits under Different Ground Cover

作　　者：肖培青[1] 姚文艺[1] 牛光辉 申震洲[1] 杨春霞[1] 

机构地区：[1]黄河水利科学研究院水利部黄河泥沙重点实验室,河南郑州450003 [2]贵州天保生态有限公司,贵州贵阳550002

出　　处：《水土保持学报》2010年第1期65-68,共4页Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划(973)"不同类型区土壤侵蚀过程与机理"(2007CB407201);水利部黄河泥沙重点实验室基金"不同被覆条件下坡面径流输沙能力研究"(200905);黄河水利科学研究院科技发展基金"植被-土壤-侵蚀互动作用机理"(黄科发200806)

摘　　要：利用人工模拟降雨试验,定量研究了20°陡坡面在不同降雨强度(45,87,127mm/h)、不同下垫面条件(农耕地、裸地和草地)和不同草被覆盖度条件下(80%,60%,40%和20%)坡面的蓄水保土效益。试验结果表明:农耕地产沙量是草地产沙量的21.4～131.5倍,裸地产沙量是草地产沙量的18.3～182.5倍;草地相对于农耕地和裸地的蓄水效益为30.8%～71.8%,保土效益高达94.5%～99.4%;20%草被覆盖度的坡面产沙量分别是40%,60%和80%草被覆盖度坡面产沙量的1.1～1.5倍、1.2～2.9倍和1.3～6.1倍;以20%草被覆盖度的草地为参照区,40%,60%和80%草被覆盖度的草地蓄水效益和保土效益分别为6.0%～80.0%和11.4%～83.5%,草地蓄水保土效益随着草被覆盖度的增加呈增加的趋势。The experiment is to study soil and water conservation benefits under different rainfall intensities of 45,87,127 mm/h,site conditions of cultivation slope,bare slope and grass slope and grass coverage of 80%,60%,40% and 20% with 20°slope gradient using simulated rainfall experiment. The results showed that sediment yield of cultivation slope and bare slope was 21.4~ 131.5 times and 18.3~182.5 times separately that of grass slope. Water conservation benefit and soil conservation benefit of grass slope reached to 30.8%~71.8% and 94.5%~99.4% separately compared to cultivation and bare slope. The sediment yield of 20% grass coverage slope was 1.1~1.5 times,1.2~2.9 times and 1.3~6.1 times that of 40% grass coverage slope,60% grass coverage slope and 80% grass coverage slope separately. Compared to 20% grass coverage slope,water conservation benefit and soil conservation benefit of 40% grass coverage slope,60% grass coverage slope and 80% grass coverage slope reached to 6.0%~80.0% and 11.4%~83.5% separately. Soil and water conservation benefit increased with the increase of grass coverage.

关 键 词：蓄水保土效益 农耕地 裸地 草地 草被覆盖度 

分 类 号：S157.1[农业科学—土壤学]