土壤生物工程在沿河公路护坡中的初期水土保持效应  

Effects of Soil Bioengineer techniques on Soil and Riverside Highway Water Conservation

作　　者：高甲荣[1] 吕晶[1] 李晓宏[1] 娄会品[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学水土保持学院/教育部水土保持与荒漠化防治重点实验室,北京100083

出　　处：《水土保持学报》2010年第1期69-72,85,共5页Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家自然科学基金国际合作项目(2009DFA32490);国家自然科学基金项目(40771128)

摘　　要：为了研究土壤生物工程措施在护坡中水土保持作用,选择北京郊区琉璃河河段裸露岸坡作为研究对象,针对坡面存在着溅蚀、面蚀、沟蚀等土壤侵蚀现象,采用扦插、灌丛垫和梢捆3种土壤生物工程措施,每种措施分别栽种毛柳和金丝柳进行边坡治理。分别对施工后1个月、4个月后植物的生长特征进行调查观测。同时,对施工后4个月的3种土壤生物工程措施通过人工模拟降雨观测其削减地表径流和泥沙含量。测定岸坡施工前后坡形的变化。结果表明:两种柳树生长状态良好,适宜用做土壤生物工程材料;削减地表径流的能力梢捆最强,扦插次之,灌丛垫最弱;泥沙含量梢捆最小,灌丛垫次之,扦插最大;对边坡坡形的影响:梢捆有缩短边坡坡长,使坡面形成复式断面,灌丛垫和扦插不能改造坡形。土壤生物工程对边坡可以起到保持水土,在一定程度上改变坡形,减轻径流和雨滴的侵蚀作用,有利于边坡保持稳定。Soil bioengineer is a kind of techniques by using living plant materials to construct the structures with some engineering and ecological functions,which can provide an effective means for the slope stabilization. In the suburbs of Beijing,A bare river bank was selected at the Liuli river to investigate and disseminate the positive effects of soil bioengineer techniques and options to establish riparian vegetation at local conditions. Meanwhile,the road bank is marked by diverse types of soil erosion such as splash erosion,soil surface erosion,gully erosion. Three soil engineering measures as living cutting,fascine and brush mattress using two kinds of willow trees were took to protect the road bank. The plant performances were investigated after 1 and 4 mouths. The surface runoff reduction and sediment content of three soil bioengineering techniques were determined by using simulated rainfall. The changes of slope shapes were measured before and after constructing. The results show that：the two kinds of willow trees were both growth well. The reducing runoff amounts from the largest to the smallest：brush mattress,fascines and living cutting; the sediment content from the largest to the smallest：living cutting,fascines and brush mattress. Brush mattress changed the slope shape to form compound channel rather than living cutting and fascines. Soil bioengineering can increase the slope stabilization effects and change slope shape and alleviate splash and runoff erosion. The results will give some soil engineering techniques to the subgrade river side revetments in the suburbs of Beijing. These results will be helpful for the riverside highway slope protection in Beijing.

关 键 词：土壤生物工程 沿河公路 护坡 水土流失 

分 类 号：S157.2[农业科学—土壤学]