农肥和化肥对黑土农田生态系统氮素循环与平衡影响的研究  

Effects of Manure and Chemical Fertilizers Application on Nitrogen Cycling and Balance in Agricultural Ecosystem of Black Soil

作　　者：赵伟[1] 王宏燕[1] 于佳[1] 廖莎[1] 宋立娟[1] 

机构地区：[1]东北农业大学资源环境学院,哈尔滨150030

出　　处：《水土保持学报》2010年第1期155-158,共4页Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家"863"计划项目(2006011024023);黑龙江省自然科学基金项目(GA07B501-7);国家"十一五"科技支撑计划重点项目(2009BADB3B01)

摘　　要：在不同施肥处理条件下,分别定量测定了玉米田土壤氮素自生固氮作用、氨化作用、硝化作用、反硝化损失、氨挥发、NO3--N淋溶损失等氮素循环转化途径。研究结果表明,不施肥的土壤生态系统每年土壤全氮将减少-110.5kg/hm2。施肥能够有效地提高土壤氮素转化能力,农肥的氮素转化作用明显高于化肥的氮素转化作用。各处理反硝化损失的氮量为7.26～21.66kg/hm2,淋溶损失量为0.09～0.21kg/hm2,氨挥发损失的氮量为0～15.23kg/hm2。玉米田施肥处理总的氮素平衡处于盈余状态,不施肥处理的氮素平衡处于亏缺状态。单施农肥的盈余量高于单施化肥及农肥化肥配比处理的盈余量,低量施肥模式土壤中氮素的输入和输出基本处于平衡状态,高量施肥模式土壤中氮素处于盈余状态,虽有利于培肥地力,但却造成了肥料的浪费。The main nitrogen cycling pathways,such as autogenic nitrogen fixation,ammonification,nitrification,denitrification,ammonia（NH3） volatilization,nitrate （NO3^--N） leaching and N uptake by crops,were monitored under different fertilizer treatments in maize field. The main results showed that total nitrogen annually in soil ecosystem without fertilizers was decreased 110.5 kg/hm^2. Fertilizers application could advance the nitrogen transformation and the nitrogen transformation of manure fertilizer treatments was better than that of chemical fertilizer treatments. The annual denitrification loss of different treatments was 7.26-21.66 kg/hm^2,NO3^--N leaching loss of different treatments was 0.09-0.21 kg/hm^2,NH3 volatilization loss was 0-15.23 kg/hm^2. Nitrogen of fertilizers treatments in maize field was oversupplied,but the nitrogen balance without fertilizer treatment was wane. The surplus quantities of only manure fertilizers were higher than those of chemical fertilizers. The N of input and output of low fertilizer pattern was in balance,but the N of high fertilizer pattern was oversupplied. Although this was benefit to increasing the soil nutrients,the superfluous fertilizers were wasted.

关 键 词：氮循环 反硝化损失 氨挥发 NO3^--N淋失 

分 类 号：S153[农业科学—土壤学] S158.3[农业科学—农业基础科学]