人工林建设对沙地土壤结皮发育及其表土理化特性的影响  

Effects of Plantation Establishment on Soil crust Development and Physico-chemical Properties of Topsoil under Crust

作　　者：赵哈林[1] 郭轶瑞[1] 周瑞莲[2] 赵学勇[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所,兰州730000 [2]鲁东大学生命学院,山东烟台264025

出　　处：《水土保持学报》2010年第1期202-207,共6页Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家"973"计划(2009CB421303)

摘　　要：为了了解人工林建设对土壤结皮发育和表土特征的影响,2006年在科尔沁沙地调查了不同年龄杨树林地的土壤结皮及结皮下0-5.0cm土壤的理化特性,分析研究了植被固沙区土壤结皮及其表土的发育特征。结果表明:(1)在科尔沁沙地,人工林的建设有利于流动沙地土壤结皮的形成、发育和结皮下0-5.0cm表土性状的改善;(2)随着人工林的生长发育,土壤结皮覆盖度、厚度、硬度、土壤细颗粒和有机质、养分含量均明显增加,并从物理结皮逐步演变成地衣结皮和苔癣结皮;(3)随着人工林的生长发育,结皮下0-2.5cm和2.5-5.0cm表土的细颗粒、有机质和养分含量大幅增加,但其含量随着表土深度增加而下降;(4)人工植被建设对沙地土壤结皮形成发育和下层表土成土过程的作用机制,一方面源于人工植被具有降风滞尘,维护沙面稳定,增加地表粘粉粒含量的作用;另一方面源于凋落物的生产与沉降,以及对局部水热环境的改善,增加了结皮与表土的有机质和养分含量,促进了微生物和微管植物的侵入。The physical and chemical properties of soil crust and topsoil under crust in a age sequence of Populus simonii plantation were surveyed in 2006 to understand the effects of artificial vegetation establishment on soil crust and its under-layer soil in Horqin sand land. The results showed that：（1） artificial forest establishment was beneficial to formation and development of soil crust and improvement of 0-5.0 cm topsoil under crust in mobile sand land of Horqin Sand Land; （2）with growth and development of plantation,crust coverage,thickness,hardness,soil fine fraction,organic matter and nutrient contents all increased significantly,and the crust evolved from physical crust to lichen crust and moss crust in turn; （3）with development of plantation,soil fine fraction,organic matter and nutrients all increased significantly in 0-2.5 cm as well as 2.5-5.0 cm topsoil under crust,and their contents decreased with an increase of soil depth; （4） effective mechanism of artificial vegetation establishment on development of soil crust and soil-forming processes of topsoil under crust resulted mainly from two aspects：first,artificial vegetation has a role to decrease wind speed and detain dust,and maintain stabilization of surface soil on sand dune,and increase clay,silt content on ground; second,due to artificial vegetation can produce a moss of lither and improve local water and heat environment,they can increase organic matter and nutrient in crust and topsoil and facilitate colonization of microorganism and vascular plant into crust and topsoil.

关 键 词：科尔沁沙地 杨树林地 林龄 结皮发育 表土特征 

分 类 号：S153[农业科学—土壤学] Q948.5[农业科学—农业基础科学]