鲁中南山区樱桃渗灌补水效应与节水增产机理  

Effects of Subsurface Irrigation on Cherry Orchard and Its Water Saving Mechanism in Hilly Area of Middle Southern Part of Shandong Province

作　　者：高鹏[1] 耿广坡[1] 王华伟[1] 李增嘉[2] 

机构地区：[1]山东农业大学林学院/农业生态与环境重点实验室,山东泰安271018 [2]山东农业大学农学院,山东泰安271018

出　　处：《水土保持学报》2010年第1期239-242,248,共5页Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：2008年公益性行业(农业)科研专项(200803028);重点实验室开放基金(2008KFJJ06)

摘　　要：探讨干旱缺水地区果树渗灌补水效应,为提高果园灌溉水资源利用率提供科学依据。通过樱桃园渗灌和漫灌两种灌水方式与不同灌水量的补水试验,对樱桃渗灌补水效应与节水增产机理进行了研究。结果表明:(1)渗灌和漫灌的土壤容重和孔隙度指标存在着明显差异,土壤容重渗灌比漫灌降低6.71%;土壤总孔隙度、毛管孔隙度和非毛管孔隙度渗灌比漫灌分别提高11.62%,8.72%和43.84%。(2)各土层的地温渗灌均比漫灌高,且以表层差异显著,0,5,10,15,20cm土层平均地温渗灌比漫灌高1.7,1.1,0.7,0.4,0.3℃。(3)与漫灌相比,渗灌平均节水55.6%,灌溉水生产效率提高7.92～12.30kg/(m3.hm2)。(4)渗灌不同灌水量对土壤含水率的影响明显,随着渗水量的增加,各层土壤含水率随之提高,且明显高于对照,除80-110cm土层外,其他处理土壤层含水率与对照差异均显著。(5)樱桃需水关键期渗灌补水,增产效果显著,平水年份和干旱年份,每次渗水80～320m3/hm2,樱桃产量分别提高10.35%～30.72%和8.74%～34.87%。The purpose of the study is to explore the effects of subsurface irrigation on cherry orchard and its water saving mechanism in semi-arid and arid regions. The experiments were conducted from 2007 to 2008 under subsurface irrigation and flood irrigation,and different irrigation quota in hilly area of middle southern part of Shandong province. The results showed that：（1） The soil physical properties were different between subsurface irrigation and flood irrigation. The soil density of subsurface irrigation was lower by 6.71% than that of flood irrigation. The total soil porosity,non-capillary porosity and capillary porosity of subsurface irrigation were higher 11.62%,43.84% and 8.72% than that of flood irrigation respectively. （2） The soil average temperature of 0,5,10,15,20 cm soil depth of subsurface irrigation were higher 1.7,1.1,0.7,0.4,0.3℃ than that of flood irrigation respectively. （3） Compared with flood irrigation,the water requirement of subsurface irrigation could be reduced by 55.6%,and the water irrigation efficiency was increased by 7.92-12.30 kg/（m^3·hm^2）. （4） Effects of different subsurface irrigation quotas on soil moisture content apart from 80-110 cm soil depth were more significant,and higher than that of no-water irrigation. （5） In normal annual precipitation and low annual precipitation,the cherry yield were increased by 10.35%-30.72% and 8.74%-34.87% with 80-320 m^3/hm^2 of subsurface irrigation quotas.

关 键 词：渗灌 补水效应 节水机理 樱桃园 

分 类 号：S275.3[农业科学—农业水土工程] S152.7[农业科学—农业工程]