芸薹属种间远缘杂交结实的特异性观察  

The Specific Result of Seed-Bearing Observation from Distant Hybridization between Brassica Species

作　　者：郑明福[1,2,3] 丁茁荑[1,2,3] 汪端华[1,2,3] 陈娟[1,2,3] 

机构地区：[1]湖南省蔬菜研究所,长沙410125 [2]湖南省蔬菜工程技术研究中心,长沙410125 [3]湖南兴蔬种业有限公司,长沙410125

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2010年第7期207-209,共3页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：农业部公益性行业科研专项(nyhyzx07-007)

摘　　要：通过对甘蓝型油菜与白菜、白菜与甘蓝型油菜进行种间远缘杂交,观察杂交当代结荚、结籽以及种子发育的特异性。采用特定的芸薹属甘蓝型油菜、白菜不育系材料和白菜、甘蓝型油菜自交材料进行配组,选用染色体数目不同的甘蓝型油菜不育系和白菜薹不育系分别与白菜薹和甘蓝型油菜进行杂交,观察分析杂交后的种子发育过程,分析不同组合的结荚、结籽以及种子发育的特异性。结果表明:以染色体数目多的油菜不育系为母本,杂交亲和力明显高于以染色体数量少的白菜型不育系做母本的杂交组合;虽然其结实率远低于非远缘杂交组合,但所结的种子大多发育正常;而以染色体数量少的白菜型不育系为母本同染色体数目多的甘蓝型油菜进行杂交,在种胚的发育过程中,出现严重的遗传紊乱,致使杂交结实过程中出现授粉困难,授粉后绝大部分受精不良,甚至胚发育死亡,特别是部分种子尚未发育成熟即在荚内发芽等特异情况的发生得到了反复验证,但其内在机理尚不清楚。The specificity of pod-bearing, seed-bearing and seed development of hybrid contemporary was observed by interspecific distant hybridization betweenBrassica napus L. and cabbages, or between cabbages andBrassica napus L.. The specificBrassica , including CMS line ofBrassica napus L. and cabbages, and the inbred lines of cabbages andBrassica napus L., were combinated. The CMS line ofBrassica napus L. and cabbages were crossed with cabbages andBrassica napus L. respectively, and the Chromosome number of each material was different. The process of seeds development was observed, and the specificity of pod-bearing, seed-bearing and seed development in the different combination was also observed and analyzed. The results showed that： When the CMS line of oilseed rape, which chromosome number was large, were used as female parent, their hybrid affinity was significantly higher than hybrid combinations by using CMS line of cabbages which chromosome number was small as female parent. Although the seed-setting rate was much lower than the combination of non-distant hybridization, the development of most seeds was normal; The CMS line of cabbages which chromosome number was small and were used as female parent, were crossed withBrassica napus L. which chromosome number was large. There existed serious genetic disorders during the process of embryo development. The pollination became difficult in the process of cross-fertile and most of embryo was hard to fertilized, even the embryo put to death. Especially, the peculiar situation that part of seeds which were not matured germinates in the pod was verified repeatedly, but its inherent mechanism was still not very clear.

关 键 词：芸薹属 种间远缘杂交 波利马不育系 萝卜质不育系 

分 类 号：S641.3[农业科学—蔬菜学]