两种氮肥不同用量及添加双氰胺对蔬菜品质和土壤氮形态的影响  

Effects of Different Dosage of Two Nitrogenous Fertilizers and Dicyandiamide on Vegetable Quality and Soil N Form

作　　者：罗涛[1] 王煌平[1] 何盈[1] 张青[1] 张晓玲 盛锦寿 

机构地区：[1]福建省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所,福建福州350013 [2]福建省农林大学资源与环境学院,福建福州350013 [3]泉州市农业局土肥站,福建泉州362000

出　　处：《土壤通报》2010年第2期383-388,共6页Chinese Journal of Soil Science

基　　金：福建省科技厅重大项目(2001Z063;2005S005)资助

摘　　要：采用网室盆栽结合田间小区试验,研究了两种氮肥(尿素和硝酸铵)不同用量及其添加双氰胺对土壤铵态氮、硝态氮、土壤硝化细菌动态变化的影响,以及与空心菜、菠菜中硝酸盐、产量和品质关系。结果表明,2种氮肥不同用量都与空心菜的产量呈显著或极显著的二次曲线关系,与土壤铵态氮和硝态氮、以及蔬菜中硝酸盐含量呈正相关。不论施用尿素还是硝酸铵的处理,添加双氰胺都有利于提高蔬菜产量和维生素C、降低土壤中硝化细菌数量、减缓铵态氮的转化,从而减少蔬菜对硝酸盐的吸收。不论是减少土壤硝化细菌数量、减少土壤硝态氮含量、增加土壤铵态氮含量,还是减少菜体硝酸盐含量的效果上来看,在尿素中添加双氰胺处理的效果均好于在硝酸铵中添加双氰胺的处理,证实了双氰胺作为一种硝化抑制剂,能有效抑制硝化细菌数量,从而降低土壤硝态氮含量,最终导致降低菜体硝酸盐含量。Hyocaust and field plot experiments were carried out to study effects of different dosage of two nitrogenous fertilizers and dicyandiamide（DCD） on the kinesis of NH4＋-N,NO3--N and nitrobacteria on soil,as well as the relationship with the amount of nitrate,yield and quality of swamp cabbage and spinach.Results indicated that the relation between different dosage of two N fertilizers and yields of swamp cabbage was significant and taking on the curve of second order,while the correlations of dosage of N fertilizers and the contents of NH4＋-N and NO3--N or the amount of nitrate in cabbage were positive.The yield of vegetable and Vc quantum were elevated and the amounts of nitrobacteria were reduced and the translation of NH4＋-N was retarded,no matter DCD was added to urea or ammonium nitrate（AN）.Thereby,the absorption of NO3--N was decreased in vegetable.The effect of applying DCD to urea on reducing the numbers of nitrobacteria and retarding decreasing the content of NH4＋-N and increasing that of NO3--N was better than application of DCD into AN.It confirmed the mechanism that DCD as a nitrification inhibitor could inhibit the amounts of nitrobacteria effectively,thus reduced the content of NO3--N in soil and vegetables.

关 键 词：氮肥用量 双氰胺 氮形态 蔬菜品质 

分 类 号：S143.1[农业科学—肥料学]