钾肥用量对寒地水稻产量和品质的影响  

Effects of K Fertilizer Application Amount on Yield and Qualities of Rice in Cold Region

作　　者：张国发[1,2] 崔玉波[3] 尤娟[2] 张虹[1] 徐长君[1] 

机构地区：[1]大庆师范学院生命科学系,黑龙江大庆163712 [2]南京农业大学农业部作物生长调控重点开放实验室,江苏南京210095 [3]大庆师范学院教务处,黑龙江大庆163712

出　　处：《土壤通报》2010年第2期413-416,共4页Chinese Journal of Soil Science

基　　金：大庆师范学院基金项目"钾素对稻米品质影响的生理机制研究"(YZQ001)资助

摘　　要：以粳稻品种空育131为试材,研究不同钾肥用量对其产量构成和品质性状的影响,为寒地水稻生产的合理施肥提供依据。结果表明,施用钾肥显著提高了有效穗数、穗粒数、稻谷产量和整精米率,降低了垩白粒率和胚乳直链淀粉含量,而对结实率、千粒重、糙米率、垩白面积和垩白度的影响较小;施钾使胚乳中总氮和蛋白氮含量增加,并提高蛋白氮比例,改善营养品质;施钾降低了糊化开始温度、冷胶黏度、回复值和消减值,提高了最高黏度、热浆黏度和崩解值,各特征值以回复值受影响最大。钾肥对水稻产量构成、品质指标及淀粉黏滞性谱特性的影响,在一定的范围内随施用量增加变化较明显,达到一定用量后继续增施钾肥效应减弱;试验条件下,以90.0kghm-2K2O的施用量较佳。Kongyu131（Japonica） was used as material to analyze the effects of K fertilizer application amount on yield components and quality characters,and provide evidence for rational fertilization of high quality rice production in cool regions.The results showed that,the application of K fertilizer greatly increased effective panicles,grains per panicle,grain yield and head rice rate;decreased the chalky rice rate and amylose content in endosperm,but had a little influence on seed setting rate,1000-grains weight,brown rice rate,chalkiness area and chalkiness degree;the application of K fertilizer also increased the total nitrogen content,protein nitrogen content and the protein nitrogen ratio in endosperm,thus improved the nutrient quality.On the other hand,K fertilizer application decreased the gelatinization temperature,final viscosity,consistency and setback,increased the peak viscosity,hot viscosity and breakdown values,with the greatest impact on setback value.To a certain extent,the amount of K fertilizer application had obviously and positively impact on the yield components,quality index and characters of starch viscosity profile,then the its impact became weaker out of certain levels.The optimal K fertilizer application amount in this experiment condition is 90.0 kg hm-2 K2O.

关 键 词：施钾量 产量构成 品质性状 淀粉黏滞性谱 寒地水稻 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]