珠江三角洲夏季臭氧区域污染及其控制因素分析  

Regional ozone pollution and key controlling factors of photochemical ozone production in Pearl River Delta during summer time

作　　者：陆克定 张远航[1,2] 苏杭 邵敏[1,2] 曾立民 钟流举[3] 向运荣 张志忠[4] 周崇光 Andreas Wahner[5] 

机构地区：[1]环境模拟与污染控制国家重点联合实验室 [2]北京大学环境科学与工程学院,北京100871 [3]广东省环境监测中心,广东510045 [4]中央研究院环境变迁研究中心,台北11529 [5]Forschungszentrum Juelich,Institute ICG-Ⅱ Troposphere,Juelich,Germany

出　　处：《中国科学：化学》2010年第4期407-420,共14页SCIENTIA SINICA Chimica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(基金号:40675072);国家重点基础科学研究计划(2002CB410801)的支持

摘　　要：2006年夏季,在珠江三角洲(简称珠三角)开展了一次大型野外综合空气质量观测实验.实验包括了珠三角现有的环境监测网络和两个额外设置的超级观测站.本文基于环境监测网络的观测结果对区域臭氧污染状况和污染过程进行了分析,对各站点所记录的气团光化学属性进行了诊断.结果发现,两个超级站点分别对应着污染城市地区和下风向远郊区的光化学条件,它们较好地覆盖了区域尺度上主要的臭氧高值区.使用基于观测的模型对超级站上臭氧的光化学产生过程及臭氧控制区进行了分析.结果显示,第一,模式中的醛类化学和缺失的HONO化学对于臭氧光化学产生具有重要影响;第二,在城市地区,臭氧的光化学产生速率主要受人为源排放碳氢化合物控制;而在城市远郊区,臭氧的光化学产生速率主要受NO控制;第三,重要的人为源排放的碳氢化合物是烯烃和芳香烃.使用O′x和NOz的回归结果对臭氧产生效率进行了估算,发现城市和郊区的数值存在显著差异(分别为2.1和7.8),这从侧面支持了模型对于城市和郊区臭氧控制区属性的判断.An intensive field campaign including measurements from the environmental monitoring network and from two super sites took place in the Pearl River Delta region in summer 2006.Using routinely measured O3 and NOx concentrations,the spatial and temporal variation of O3 and of the total oxidant concentrations was characterized.According to the spatial variability of NO2/NO,the two super sites were found to be representative of polluted urban and downwind suburban conditions.In addition,both sites were located at high O3 regions.In-depth diagnostic of photochemical ozone production processes and their key controlling factors is achieved with an observation-based model（OBM） to gain regional perspectives.Budget analysis and sensitivity model runs showed that aldehyde and HONO chemistry had significant impacts on local photochemical ozone production rates.The analysis of calculated Relative Incremental Reactivities showed that photochemical ozone production rates are mainly sensitive to anthropogenic hydrocarbons（HCs） at polluted urban areas.At suburban areas,sensitivity to nitrogen oxide（NO） concentrations dominated.Key anthropogenic HCs at both areas are alkenes and aromatics.Significant differences of ozone production efficiencies are identified between urban and suburban regions,consistent with the OBM diagnosed results.

关 键 词：臭氧 珠江三角洲 臭氧光化学产生 气态亚硝酸 相对增量反应活性 

分 类 号：TU982.2[建筑科学—城市规划与设计]