一株硫酸盐型厌氧氨氧化菌的分离和鉴定  

Isolation and identification of bacteria responsible for simultaneous anaerobic ammonium and sulfate removal

作　　者：蔡靖[1] 蒋坚祥[1] 郑平[1] 

机构地区：[1]浙江大学环境工程系,杭州310029

出　　处：《中国科学：化学》2010年第4期421-426,共6页SCIENTIA SINICA Chimica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(批准号:30770039);国家高技术研究发展计划(批准号:2006AA06Z332)资助

摘　　要：以硫酸盐为电子受体、氨为电子供体的反应称为硫酸盐型厌氧氨氧化,这是一个新的生物反应.迄今为止,虽已证明硫酸盐型厌氧氨氧化的存在,但并未获得进行该反应的微生物.本课题组从长期稳定运行的厌氧脱氮除硫反应器污泥中,分离获得了一株硫酸盐型厌氧氨氧化菌.形态观察、生理试验和16SrDNA序列比对表明,该菌株可归入Bacillus benzoevorans.以Biolog板检测发现,该菌株可利用多种碳源,基质多样性明显.其最适代谢pH为8.5,最适代谢温度为30℃.研究证明,该菌株可在无氧条件下,同时去除氨氮和硫酸盐,具有硫酸盐型厌氧氨氧化活性.这一发现为硫酸盐型厌氧氨氧化的确认提供了生物学证据,为新型生物脱氮除硫工艺的研发打下了基础,为微生物学增加了新的内容,为地球氮素和硫素循环提供了新的认识.Sulfate-dependent anaerobic ammonium oxidation is a novel biological reaction,in which ammonium is oxidized with sulfate as the electron acceptor under anoxic conditions.Ammonium and sulfate are cosmopolitan chemical species which are an integral part of the global nitrogen and sulfur cycles.A detailed exploration of sulfate-dependent anaerobic ammonium oxidation is quite practical.In this work,a bacterial strain named ASR has been isolated from an anaerobic ammonia and sulfate removing reactor working under steady-state.On the basis of electron microscopy,physiological tests and 16S rDNA phylogenetic sequence analysis,the strain ASR is found to be related to Bacillus benzoevorans.According to the biological carbon source utilization test,the strain ASR could use many carbon sources.Its optimum pH value and temperature were 8.5 and 30 °C,respectively.The test proves that the strain ASR is able to use sulfate to oxidize ammonia anaerobically.The maximum ammonia and sulfate removal rates were 44.4% and 40.0%,respectively.The present study provided biological evidence for the confirmation and development of sulfate-dependent anaerobic ammonium oxidation and brought new insights into the global nitrogen and sulfur cycles.

关 键 词：芽孢杆菌 氨氮 硫酸盐 分离鉴定 

分 类 号：X703[环境科学与工程—环境工程]