论苏俄检察制度的变迁及其对我国的启示  

On changes of Soviet Russian prosecution system and their revelations to China

作　　者：孙记[1,2] 李春季 

机构地区：[1]黑龙江大学法学院 [2]黑龙江大学哲学博士后流动站 [3]黑龙江省检察院公诉一处

出　　处：《俄罗斯东欧中亚研究》2010年第2期6-13,共8页Russian，East European & Central Asian Studies

基　　金：黑龙江大学博士启动基金项目《我国刑事程序现代化研究》的阶段性成果

摘　　要：我国的检察制度与苏联检察制度渊源密切。苏联检察监督最突出的体现是一般监督和诉讼监督。俄罗斯检察制度保留了一般监督,取消了检察机关对刑事审判的监督,这决定了检察机关在刑事诉讼中不再属于法律监督机关,而是与被告人处于平等地位的控诉方当事人。我国1982年宪法虽然明确规定了检察机关是法律监督机关,但由于没有规定检察权的行使范围,一般监督自此无从体现。我国的检察制度改革,应该废除检察机关对刑事审判的监督,实现检察机关在刑事诉讼中的"当事人化",恢复检察机关在诉讼领域外的一般监督。China’s prosecution system is closely connected with the Soviet one. The most salient manifestation of Soviet prosecution and supervision is general supervision and litigation supervision. The Russian prosecution system has preserved general supervision while annulling its supervision over criminal judicial procedure. This determines that the prosecution organ is no longer a legal supervision organ in criminal litigation, and that the complainer is on equal status with the defendant. Although China’s 1982 Constitution explicitly stipulates the prosecution organ is a legal supervision one, yet general supervision has not been manifested ever since, as the limit is set for the exercise of prosecution power. China’s reform on prosecution system should abrogate supervision over criminal judicial procedure, materialize clientele-oriented reform of prosecution organ in criminal litigation, and restore its general supervision outside the litigation area.

关 键 词：苏联 俄罗斯 检察制度 一般监督 刑事诉讼监督 

分 类 号：D916.3[政治法律—法学]