豫西旱坡地长期定位保护性耕作研究——Ⅱ.连年免耕和深松覆盖对麦田土壤温度的影响  

Study on long-term site-specific conservation tillage on sloping dryland in the Western part of Henan——Ⅱ.Effects of no-till and subsoiling with mulching on soil temperature in wheat field

作　　者：王育红 蔡典雄[2] 姚宇卿 吴雪萍[2] 吕军杰 李俊红 丁志强 张洁 

机构地区：[1]洛阳市农业科学研究院,河南洛阳471022 [2]中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所,北京100082

出　　处：《干旱地区农业研究》2010年第2期59-64,共6页Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas

基　　金：中国-比利时国际科技合作项目(13V33948);国际CIMMYT"水和粮食挑战计划"项目(2002AA6Z3311)

摘　　要：通过田间长期定位试验,采用温度记录仪全年连续观察0、5、10、30 cm深度土壤温度的系统数据,研究分析豫西旱作区坡耕地保护性耕作土壤温度效应。结果表明：与传统耕作比,（1）0-30 cm平均土壤温度周年的变化,深松覆盖和免耕覆盖具有稳定地温的效果。1-12月免耕覆盖和深松覆盖较高,6-9月份明显偏低。（2）深松覆盖和免耕覆盖土壤表层温度表现出＂高温时降温,低温是增温＂的效果。随着土层的加深,这种效果减弱。15cm土层,免耕覆盖和深松覆盖从冬小麦播种至拔节,表现低温效应;深松覆盖在夏休闲高温期呈现出增温现象。（3）免耕覆盖和深松覆盖对冬小麦生长发育前期有抑制作用,地上部表现为株高降低,分蘖和主茎叶龄减少,地下部表现为次生根数减少,耕层（0-20 cm）根重减轻,干物质积累速度缓慢。拔节后,两种保护性耕作处理下的冬小麦生长发育加快,至抽穗期除分蘖外,其余各项指标逐渐赶上并超过传统耕作。On based long-term site-specific trials,this paper studied the effects of conservation tillage（subsoiling tillage with mulching,ST and no-till with mulching,NT） and conventional tillage（CT） on soil temperature on dryland sloping farming in the western part of Henan.Temperature data loggers were used to record the temperature at the depth of 0,5,15 cm and 30 cm under the treatments every 2 hours from Oct.2004 to Sept.2005.The results showed：（1） ST and NT could weaken the change of average soil temperature of 0～30 cm layer every rmonth in a year.The soil temperature under the two conservation tillages was higher from Dec.2004 to Jan.2005,obviously lower from Jun to Sept.2005,compared with CT.（2） ST and NT had the effect that temperature of surface soil was increased in higher temperature,decreased in lower temperature during 24 hour of a day.The effect was weakened with soil layer adding up.At 15 cm layer,soil temperature under ST and NT was lower from winter wheat planting to joiting stage.Furthermore,ST made the temperature higher than that of CK.（3） Winter wheat growth was restrained under the treatments of ST and NT before wheat joiting,which made height fall,tillers,leaves and second roots decrease,dry matter accumulation rate slow down.After that,the items except tillers under the two conservation tillages gradually overtake that of CK.

关 键 词：长期定位试验 土壤温度 保护性耕作 传统耕作 

分 类 号：S157.1[农业科学—土壤学]