天基照相跟踪空间碎片批处理轨道确定研究  

Space-based Camera Tracking of Space Debris for Orbit Determination with Batch Process

作　　者：文援兰[1] 何星星[1] 李志[1,2] 朱俊[1] 刘翔春[1] 

机构地区：[1]国防科技大学航天与材料工程学院,长沙410073 [2]中国空间技术研究院,北京100094

出　　处：《宇航学报》2010年第3期888-894,共7页Journal of Astronautics

摘　　要：随着国内外天基观测空间碎片研究的展开,文章提出了利用跟踪卫星的CCD(Charge Coupled Device)相机对空间碎片进行轨道探测的方法,首先建立了CCD照相观测模型和基于照相观测的空间碎片批处理轨道确定模型。通过对CCD相机底片归算方法的分析可知,利用CCD相机所获得的观测数据与跟踪卫星的姿态无关,且其精度只与测量和坐标转换计算的精度有关,在测量和计算中可获得较高的精度。分别对分布密度较高的低轨道和地球同步轨道区域的空间碎片进行了定轨分析。仿真结果表明,定轨时采用两个跟踪弧段的照相数据定轨精度大大高于一个弧段照相数据的定轨精度;跟踪卫星距离空间碎片越近,定轨精度越高;低轨道空间碎片的定轨精度高于地球同步轨道上的空间碎片定轨精度。With the research on space-based detecting space debris,this paper presented the space debris orbital detecting method with satellite-based CCD（Charge Coupled Device） camera. Firstly,CCD photogrammetric observation model and orbit determination of the space debris were set up. The theory of plane adjustment for the CCD camera was analyzed,which shows that the observation data derived from the CCD camera are independent from the attitude of the tracking satellite. The precision of observation data from the CCD camera are just dependent on observation and reference frame transformations,which can be gotten accurately. Then,the paper researched orbit determination of space debris on the LEO （Low Earth Orbit） and GEO （Geostationary Earth Orbit）,where the density of the space debris is very high. The results indicated that orbit determination precision with the camera data of two tracking arcs is higher than with one tracking arc; The less distance between the tracking satellite and the space debris,the more accurate for orbit determination; Orbit determination precision of the space debris in LEO is lower than that in GEO.

关 键 词：空间碎片 CCD相机 照相跟踪 轨道确定 

分 类 号：V520.1[航空宇航科学与技术—人机与环境工程]