不同年龄毛竹营养器官主要养分元素分布及与土壤环境的关系  

Distribution Pattern of Nutrient Elements and Its Relationship with Soil Environment in Different Aged Phyllostachys edulis

作　　者：刘广路[1] 范少辉[1] 官凤英[1] 杜满意 黄永南 

机构地区：[1]国际竹藤网络中心,竹藤科学与技术重点实验室,北京100102 [2]福建省永安市林业局,福建永安366000

出　　处：《林业科学研究》2010年第2期252-258,共7页Forest Research

基　　金：国家“十一五”科技支撑项目(2006BAD19B0104、2006BAD19B0302和2006BAD19B0103)资助

摘　　要：对福建省永安市不同年龄毛竹营养器官N、P、K、Ca、Mg元素分布进行了研究。结果表明,毛竹不同部位的营养元素含量不同,N、P、Ca、Mg元素平均含量顺序为叶>枝>秆>根;K元素含量的排列顺序为叶>根>枝>秆。叶、枝、秆中主要营养元素的排列顺序为N>K>Mg>Ca>P;根中主要营养元素的排列顺序为K>N>Mg>Ca>P。不同营养器官养分元素含量随年龄增长的变化趋势不同,N、P、Ca、Mg在竹秆与竹根中呈先上升后下降的趋势,竹枝中呈降-升-降的趋势,竹叶中呈"W"型变化,K元素除2年生竹秆中含量较高外,在竹秆、竹根、竹枝中呈下降的趋势。毛竹各器官中有14对元素的相关性达到显著或极显著水平,其中与N元素相关的有8对,与K元素相关的有8对,P元素相关的9对。土壤中有机质、N、P、K的含量对竹秆、竹枝、竹叶中N素含量有重要影响,毛竹营养器官中P、K元素浓度与土壤的主要化学指标之间的相关性未达到显著水平。在土壤养分充足的条件下,竹叶器官中的养分浓度主要由其本身的生理特性决定,与土壤养分浓度相关性不显著。竹叶N、P含量与磷酸酶活性显著相关,与过氧化氢酶极显著相关,土壤酶对土壤中所进行的生物及生物化学过程起着重要的作用,土壤中N、P、K等元素在转化为毛竹可吸收过程中有多种酶的参与。竹秆N与土壤毛管孔隙度和总孔隙度极显著相关,与其他的土壤物理指标相关性不明显。The concentrations of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium in different organs of Phyllostachys edulis with various ages and the amount of soil nutrients and enzymatic activities were analyzed in Yong＇an County, Fujian Province. The results showed that the contents of two nutrition elements （nitrogen, phosphorus, calcium, magnesium） in different organs were in the order as ： leaf 〉 branch 〉 stem 〉 root ; while for potassium ： leaf 〉 root 〉 stem 〉 branch. The abundance of different elements in leaf, in branch and in stem respectively magnesium 〉 calcium 〉 phosphorus, while for root ranged ranged as ： nitrogen 〉 potassium 〉 as： potassium 〉 nitrogen 〉 magnesium 〉 calcium 〉 phosphorus. The nutrients element of bamboo organs varied with different ages. The nitrogen, phosphorus, calcium, and magnesium of bamboo culms and roots increased firstly, and then decreased with ages. The nitrogen,phosphorus, calcium, and magnesium of branches decreased-increased-decreased with ages. The nitrogen, phosphorus, calcium, and magnesium of leaves changed in the shape of ＂W＂. The potassium in bamboo organs decreased with ages besides the maximum contents in bamboo culms with two years. The nutrition elements in various organs of Phyllostachys edulis were interrelated one another at some extent, significant （P 〈 0.05 ） or great significant correlation （P 〈0.01 ） existed between fourteen pairs nutrient elements contents. There were eight pairs with significant correlation between the nitrogen element and the other elements, eight pairs with significant correlation between the potassium element and the other elements, and nine pairs with significant correlation between the phosphorus element and the other elements. The organic matters, nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in soil had significant effects on the nitrogen contents of bamboo culms, branches, and leaves. There was no significant correlation between the phosphorus, potassium in bamboo and the mainly chemical indexes on soil.

关 键 词：毛竹营养器官 营养元素 土壤化学性质 酶活性 物理性质 

分 类 号：S795.7[农业科学—林木遗传育种]