后碰撞中人体颈部动力学响应的有限元分析  

FE ANLYSIS OF HUMAN NECK DYNAMIC RESPONSES UNDER REAR-END IMPACT

作　　者：张建国[1] 王芳[1] 薛强[1] 

机构地区：[1]天津科技大学机械工程学院,天津300222

出　　处：《工程力学》2010年第4期208-211,245,共5页Engineering Mechanics

基　　金：国家863计划项目(2006AA040201);天津市应用基础及前沿技术研究计划项目(08JCYBJC01000)

摘　　要：为了得到人体颈部在后碰撞中的动力学响应数据,细化完善了先前建立并验证的符合中国人特征且具有较高逼真度的C1-T1全颈椎有限元生物力学模型,模型由椎骨、椎间盘(髓核、纤维环及软骨终板)、韧带和肌肉构成,用六面体实体单元、梁单元和索单元进行模拟,其材料分别定义为线弹性、粘弹性和索。用后碰撞志愿者实验数据对模型进行仿真,得到各椎骨间相对转角,软组织的等效应力曲线。后碰撞过程中颈部形成S形曲线、C形曲线,各软组织应力曲线峰值均发生于最大S形曲线、C形曲线出现阶段,最大相对转角及各软组织最大应力主要发生在C7-T1。后碰撞中过度伸展易导致颈部损伤。有限元仿真有助于理解颈部运动学及其损伤机制。A detailed three-dimensional finite element model of Chinese human neck developed previously is improved and used to investigate the dynamic responses under rear-end impact. The model is composed of the seven cervical vertebrae （C1-T1）, the first thoracic vertebra （T1）, the intervertebral discs （nucleus, annulus, endplates）, ligaments and muscles. It includes eight-node solid elements, hughes-liu beam elements and two-node cable elements. The material properties are characterized by isotropic, viscoelastic and cable. The volunteer experimental data during rear-end impact is applied to the finite element model to obtain segmental rotational angle and von raises stress of soft tissues. The cervical S-shaped curve and C-shaped curve are predicted. Each level of soft tissues experiences the greatest stress at the time of maximum cervical S-shaped curve and C-shaped curve. The highest segmental angle and maximum stress mainly occur at C7-TI.The cervical spine is likely at the risk of hyperextension injuries during rear-end impact. The simulation of finite element models is helpful for the understanding of spinal kinematics and mechanisms of spinal injury.

关 键 词：生物力学 有限元方法 颈部 后碰撞 动力学 

分 类 号：R318.01[医药卫生—生物医学工程]