爆炸荷载下大空间结构的冲击波压力场分布及泄爆措施研究  

SHOCK WAVE PRESSURE DISTRIBUTION ON LARGE-SPACE STRUCTURES AND EXPLOSION VENTING UNDER BLAST LOADING

作　　者：高轩能[1] 王书鹏[1,2] 江媛[1] 

机构地区：[1]华侨大学土木工程学院,福建泉州362021 [2]石家庄铁路职业技术学院,河北石家庄050041

出　　处：《工程力学》2010年第4期226-233,共8页Engineering Mechanics

基　　金：福建省科技计划重点项目(2006H0030);厦门市科技计划项目(3502Z20073036);国务院侨办项目(07QZR04)

摘　　要：应用LS-DYNA有限元程序建立了模拟大空间结构室内爆炸的计算模型,并对大空间结构在爆炸荷载作用下的冲击波压力场进行了数值模拟计算。通过提取结构表面有限测点的冲击波超压并将其POD分解,解决了爆炸荷载的时空差异性问题,得到了大空间结构的爆炸冲击波压力场分布。研究了全封闭大空间结构和屋顶开洞结构的爆炸冲击波压力场分布规律,结果表明:柱壳和拱形屋顶等全封闭大空间结构在爆炸荷载作用下易于产生顶盖冲击波压力场积聚;合适的孔洞布置可有效泄爆;孔洞率相同的情况下,减小孔洞间阻挡材料的宽度可有效减小爆炸对结构的冲击作用。提出了大空间结构的防爆和泄爆措施。A numerical simulation model of the intemal explosion in a large-space structure is established by employing fluid-structure coupling algorithm LS-DYNA. The wave pressure field of the large-space structure under blast loading is simulated using this model. Two problems, spatiotemporal asynchrony of shock waveforms and pressure distribution on structure surface, are solved by extracting the shockwave overpressure data of the finite points on structural surface firstly, then using the Proper Orthogonal Decomposition （POD） method. Two cases of blast pressure field distribution, closed roof and opening roof, are investigated. The numerical results show that： 1） in close roof case, such as cylindrical shells and arched structures, shockwave overpressure due to blast loading tends to accumulate at the top region of the roof, thus suitable hole arrangement on roof is beneficial to explosion venting; 2） Decreasing the panel strips width among the holes would effectively reduce the impact of the explosion on the structure with the same hole ratio. Finally, the explosion-proof and anti-explosion measures for large-space structures are put forward.

关 键 词：大空间结构 爆炸 冲击波 压力场分布 泄爆 本征正交分解法 

分 类 号：O383.2[理学—流体力学] TU393.3[理学—力学]