状态-特质焦虑与职业紧张的关系及其影响因素分析  

Relationship between state-trait anxiety and occupational stress and its influencing factors

作　　者：陈朱云[1] 刘宝英[1] 郑能雄[2] 沈波[2] 杨华[1] 钟萍[1] 

机构地区：[1]福建医科大学公共卫生学院,福建福州350004 [2]福州市疾病预防控制中心,350004

出　　处：《中国职业医学》2010年第1期32-35,共4页China Occupational Medicine

基　　金：福建省医学创新课题(2007-CX-8);福建医科大学公共卫生学院"环境与健康"重点学科发展基金项目(GW09)

摘　　要：目的研究状态-特质焦虑与职业紧张的关系及其影响因素。方法整群抽样工龄≥3年的男性行车人员及白领620人,采用自制的职工一般情况、行为方式、生活状况调查表以及引用状态-特质焦虑问卷(STAI)、职业紧张量表(OSI-R)、A型行为量表进行调查,状态-特质焦虑的影响因素分析采用非条件logistic回归分析。结果乘警、乘务员和白领3类职业人群是状态-特质焦虑的高检出人群,状态焦虑与特质焦虑的检出率分别为33.5%和24.9%,其中以乘警的检出率最高,其次是乘务员和白领。在控制了非职业因素后,随着职业紧张水平的升高,状态-特质焦虑的危险性也随之增加(OR值为1.47、2.25)。状态焦虑主要与职业紧张和A型行为相关(OR值为1.56、1.03),特质焦虑主要与职业紧张、工龄、A型行为、体育活动和自觉生活满意相关(OR值为2.18、1.51、1.04、0.67和0.64)。结论不同的职业类型,状态-特质焦虑的检出率不同。职业紧张导致了状态-特质焦虑检出率的升高,尤其对特质焦虑的影响更为突出。状态-特质焦虑具有不同的危险因素。Objective To study the relationship between state-trait anxiety and occupational stress and its influencing factors.Methods A cluster sample survey was conducted in 620 male traffic officers and white-collar workers whose length of service was longer than 3 years.They were investigated by the self-made questionnaire including general situation,behavior and life situation,and surveyed by state-trait anxiety inventory（STAI）,occupational stress inventory revised edition（OSI-R） and type-A behavior scale.The risk factors of state-trait anxiety were analyzed by multivariate conditional logistic regression.Results Railway policemen,train crew and white-collar workers had high detection rate in state-trait anxiety.The detection rates of state and trait anxiety were 33.5% and 24.9%.Railway policemen had the highest detection rate,followed by the train crew and white-collar workers.After the non-occupational factors were adjusted,dose-response relationship could be observed between occupational stress and state-trait anxiety（OR=1.47,2.25）.State anxiety was collected with occupational stress and type-A behavior（OR=1.56,1.03）.Trait anxiety was collected by occupational stress,length of service,type-A behavior,exercise and life satisfaction consciously（OR=2.18,1.51,1.04,0.67,0.64）.Conclusion Different types of career had different detection rates in state-trait anxiety.Occupational stress led to increase the detection rate in state-trait anxiety,especially trait anxiety.State-trait anxiety had different risk factors.

关 键 词：状态焦虑 特质焦虑 职业紧张 A型行为 

分 类 号：R395.6[哲学宗教—心理学]