上海市病残儿医学鉴定及其相关情况的调查研究  

Survey on disabled children applied for medical authentication in Shanghai

作　　者：李冬梅[1] 陈和芬[2] 查波[1] 张戎舟[1] 张梅兴[3] 周晓波[3] 毛幼青 薛人翼 顾瑞存 

机构地区：[1]上海市人口与发展研究中心,200040 [2]上海市儿童医院 [3]上海市人口计生委 [4]上海市浦东新区人口计生委 [5]上海市杨浦区人口计生委 [6]上海市奉贤区人口计生委

出　　处：《中国计划生育学杂志》2010年第4期223-225,246,共4页Chinese Journal of Family Planning

基　　金：上海市人口计生政策咨询研究

摘　　要：目的:了解上海市病残儿医学鉴定的相关情况。方法:采用回顾性资料分析及问卷调查的方式对上海市杨浦区、浦东新区、奉贤区1998～2006年第一孩鉴定为病残儿并已审批同意生育第二孩的429例家庭进行研究。结果:本次调查病残儿共涉及72个病种,其中神经系统疾病占50.8%;明确诊断为遗传性疾病的9种;先天及围产期致残占37.8%;先天性非遗传性和先天性遗传性疾病合计占45.0%;在已生育的241例二孩中,病残再发生率为2.1%(5例);有50.0%的第一胎遗传性疾病病残儿家庭因接受优生指导而避免了二胎病残儿的出生。结论:神经系统疾病仍是本市病残儿的第一大疾病;遗传性疾病有所减少;先天因素也是致残的主要原因,但不明原因的残疾已居首位。患有出生缺陷性疾病是申请病残儿鉴定的主要原因;二孩病残再发生率不高。Objective：The purpose of this study is to know about the medical authentication of disabled children in Shanghai.Methods：The retrospective analysis and questionnaire survey were conducted in 429 families that were approved to have other children because their disabled children had been authenticated between 1998 and 2006 in Yangpu,Pudong and Fengxian districts.Results：There were 72 diseases confirmed in the present study.Among them the nervous system diseases accounted for 50.8% and there were 9 genetic diseases diagnosed.A total of 37.8% of the disabilities resulted in the congenital and perinatal factors;and the proportion of the congenital（inherited and noninherited）disorders added up to 45.0%.The recurrence rate of disability was 2.1% in 241 families having a second child.The recurrence of disability was prevented in 50.0% of the families with inherited risk factors because the parents received the guidance on promoting the prenatal care.Conclusion：The nervous system deformity is the most common disease among the diagnosed diseases of the disabled children;the incidence of inherited diseases reduces.The congenital factor is the primary cause of the disability,but the incidence of unexplained disability tops the list.Most disabled children applied for medical authentication are born with birth defects.The recurrence rate of disability in the same family is low.

关 键 词：病残儿 疾病分布 再生育 上海市 

分 类 号：R174[医药卫生—妇幼卫生保健]