粤北石漠化地区土地利用优化配置及资源利用研究  

Optimized allocation for land use and resources use in north Guangdong karst area

作　　者：廖义善[1] 卓慕宁[1] 李定强[1] 蔡强国[2] 郭太龙[1] 陈鑫娇[1] 

机构地区：[1]广东省生态环境与土壤研究所,广东广州510650 [2]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所陆地水循环与地表过程重点实验室,北京100101

出　　处：《中国岩溶》2010年第1期12-19,共8页Carsologica Sinica

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划973项目(2007CB407207);广东省重大科技专项(2008A080800028);国家科技重大专项河流主题东江项目(2009ZX07211-002-3)

摘　　要：以粤北典型石漠化地区秀水小流域为例,综合考虑流域地形、地貌、土地利用等因素,探讨土地利用时空优化布局及资源利用。研究表明:(1)流域内缺水比较严重,分别与地形指教<4.702、4.702～8.05和>8.05对应的土壤低、中、高含水区所占总面积比例依次为79.94%、10.72%、9.35%;(2)坡耕地是秀水小流域水土流失的重要区域。为此,对于流域土地利用配置,坡度<10°的耕地宜采用等高耕作和覆盖耕作相结合的措施,坡度在10°～25°的耕地可采用植物篱措施,坡度>25°的耕地则必须退耕还林。此外,受海拔高度和灌溉条件影响,玉米最好种植在海拔400～500 m的区域;由于上半年降雨量多、下半年少,在缺乏灌溉条件的区域,耗水量较大的作物宜主要安排在上半年,下半年主要以种植玉米等耐旱作物为主。Xiushui small watershed, a typical rocky desertification area in north Guangdong Province, is chosen as an example to research the land resources for optimizing the layout and countermeasures under different space-time scales in this paper. The results show that （1） Water is seriously short in the area. The area of land with low, middle and high soil moisture account for 79. 94%.10. 72%. 9. 35% respectively, which corresponding to 〈4. 702, 4. 702-8.05 and 〉8.05 in topographic index. （2） Slope land is the most important arable land in Xiushui small watershed. The landuse style should be allocated as follows： contouring farming or covering farming be adopted if the gradient is 〈10°; plant hedge be adopted if the gradient is 10°to 25° reforest if the gradient 〉25°. On the other hand, as the altitude and irrigation affecting the crop, the farmland between 400 to 500 m in elevation is suitable for maize. In the area without irrigation, high water consumption crop should be planted in first half year and maize or other drought-enduring crop planted in second half year because there is more rainfall in first half year but little rainfall in second half year.

关 键 词：喀斯特 土地利用 坡耕地 植物篱 地形指数 

分 类 号：F301.24[经济管理—产业经济]