长期秸秆还田对冬小麦产量及土壤肥力的影响  

The Influence of Long-term Rice Straw Returned to Farmland on Yield of Winter Wheat and Soil Fertility

作　　者：徐祖祥[1] 

机构地区：[1]杭州市植保土肥总站,浙江杭州310020

出　　处：《山地农业生物学报》2010年第1期10-13,共4页Journal of Mountain Agriculture and Biology

基　　金：浙江省杭州市财政基金项目(1996006)资助

摘　　要：经连续12年4个不同施肥处理定位试验研究结果表明，单施秸秆比不施肥处理增加小麦基本苗37．0万株·hm^-2，提高11．7％；增加有效穗14．0万穗·hm^-2，提高6．3％，增加小麦产量161．1kg-hm^-2，提高13．7％。化肥＋秸秆还田比单施化肥处理增加小麦基本苗15．0万株·hm^-2，提高4．5％；增加有效穗14．2万穗·hm^-2，提高3．9％；增加小麦产量196．9kg．hm^-2，提高6．2％。秸秆还田比单施化肥处理提高耕层（0—20cm）土壤有机质含量5．6％-6．5％，同时提高土壤全氮、碱解氮、有效磷含量；单施化肥和化肥＋秸秆还田能够提高土壤速效钾含量，而不施化肥和单施秸秆则使土壤速效钾含量呈下降趋势。因此，在秸秆还田中，要注意适当增加钾肥的施用量。以弥补作物高产大量携走土壤中的钾，保持土壤钾素平衡。The consecutive 12-year fixed-location trials with four treatments of fertilizer application showed that the basic seedling number of 370 000/hm2, the effective panicle number of 140 000/hm2 and the wheat yield of 161.1 kg/hm2 gained from the treatment of rice straw returned to the farmland, and increased by 11.7%, 6.3% and 13.7%, respectively compared with those in the control （application free）. The basic seedling number, effective panicle number, and yield were 150 000/hm2, 142 000/hm2 and 196.9 kg,/hm2, respectively from the treatment of fertilizer plus flee straw, which was 4.5%, 3.9% and 6.2%, respective]y, higher than those from the treatment of fertilizer. After the consecutive 12-year fixed-location trials, the contents of soil organic matter in the plough layer （0 -20 em） with the treatment of rico straw returned to the farmland were 5.6% - 6.5% higher than those of the fertilizer application. Meanwhile, there was an increase in the contents of total nitrogen, available nitrogen and available phosphorus in the plough layer （0-20cm） with the treatment of flee straw returned to the farmland. It was investigated that there was an increase trend in rapidly available potassium content with the treatment of fertilizer or fertilizer plus rice straw returned to the farmland, conversely there was a reduced trend in the content from the treatment of rice straw or control. Therefore, when the practice of rice straw returned to the farmland is carried out, the potassium fertilizer should be applied to make up for the loss of potassium in harvest.

关 键 词：秸秆还田 冬小麦 产量 土壤肥力 

分 类 号：S141.4[农业科学—肥料学]