文蛤不同地理群体自繁和互交F_1代的早期生长性状  

The growth of F_1 from matings and crosses of different geographical populations of Meretrix meretrix

作　　者：肖国强[1,2] 林志华[3] 董迎辉[3] 柴雪良[1,2] 陆荣茂[1,2] 刘保忠[4] 

机构地区：[1]浙江省海洋水产养殖研究所,浙江温州325005 [2]浙江省近岸水域生物资源开发与保护重点实验室,浙江温州325005 [3]浙江万里学院生命与环境学院,浙江宁波315100 [4]中国科学院海洋研究所,山东青岛266071

出　　处：《水产学报》2010年第2期255-263,共9页Journal of Fisheries of China

基　　金：国家"八六三"高技术研究发展计划(2006AA10A410);国家科技支撑计划(2007BAD43B09);浙江省科技厅重大科技攻关计划(2006C12013);温州市科技兴海计划(S20080019)

摘　　要：为了培育文蛤新品种,开展了不同地理群体文蛤(山东野生群体和江苏野生群体)的自繁和互交实验,获得了2个自繁群体和2个互交群体,运用方差分析对4个群体子一代的浮游幼虫和稚贝(1～12月龄)的主要性状进行了比较。结果表明,各实验组的受精率、受精卵的孵化率、胚胎发育和浮游幼虫生长无明显差异;2个月龄内稚贝各实验组生长发育差异不明显;3-12月龄稚贝生长性状主要表现为S♀×J♂>S♀×S♂>J♀×S♂>J♀×J♂,其中前3个组合之间差异不显著,但均与第四组合差异显著;互交组的杂种优势率范围在6%～168%。杂种优势在不同性状表现不同,活体重的杂种优势高于壳长、壳高和壳厚;同时各性状指标受季节性温度变化影响较大,5-10月份是高速生长期,而12月份以后处于低生长状态。获得的4个群体将作为进一步选育的基础群体,子一代的变异性增加为进一步选育奠定了基础。Matings and crosses within and among two different geographic stocks from Shandong and Jiangsu populations in Meretrix meretrix were produced in order to breed new strains for farming. Two populations, designated S♀×S♂ and J♀×J♂, were from matings of wild populations of Shangdong and Jiangsu. Two populations, that was S♀×J♂ and J♀×S♂, were from crosses between Shangdong and Jiangsu respectively. The traits of fertilizing rate, hatching rate, growth of D-larvae and growth of juveniles （1 - 12 months age） were analyzed by ANOVA. The results showed that the fertilizing rate and hatching rate of matings and crosses were not significantly different at the end of second month. There were great changes of growth of juveniles in early-term （3-12 months）. Growth of S♀×J♂ , S♀×S♂ and J♀×S♂ hadno significant difference from each other, but all had significant difference with J♀×J♂ at the early-term （3 -12 months）. The results indicated that there was different extent heterosis （6% -68% ） for growth in F1 crosses. The uptrend among traits was wet weight being greater than other three traits of shell length, shell width and shell height respectively. There were obviously higher growth rate and lower variation coefficicent in S♀×J♂ , which indicated the Shandong population would be a good parental stock as maternal for genetic breeding. Water temperature could affect growth of Meretrix meretrix significantly, and the growth rate reached a peak in October and November, but reached a nadir after December. Four populations gained were considered as the basic populations to breed new strains. Increased variation parameters in first filial generation （ F1 ） of cross could be a very good potential for selection of new strains.

关 键 词：文蛤 种群 自繁 生长 杂种优势 

分 类 号：Q953[生物学—动物学] S966.2[农业科学—水产养殖]