固定化微生物在凡纳滨对虾养成池中的应用  

Application of immobilized microorganisms in Litopenaeus vannamei aquaculture ponds

作　　者：金春华[1] 陆开宏[1] 郑忠明[1] 蔡惠凤 王扬才 

机构地区：[1]宁波大学教育部应用海洋生物技术重点实验室,浙江宁波315211 [2]宁波市鄞州区渔业技术管理服务站,浙江宁波315100 [3]宁波市海洋与渔业研究院,浙江宁波315100

出　　处：《水产学报》2010年第2期285-291,共7页Journal of Fisheries of China

基　　金：国家"八六三"高技术研究发展计划(2007AA10Z409);国家海洋局"908"专项(908-02-04-07);浙江省自然科学基金项目(Y307542);宁波市科技局项目(2008C10021)

摘　　要：通过监测池塘水体藻类群落组成、多项水质指标、底泥总有机碳(TOC)和底泥异养细菌数等指标值,研究了固定化微生物对凡纳滨对虾生产性养殖池塘水质调控和污染底泥的修复能力,微生物固定所用载体为改良沸石和生物活性炭(相应的固定化微生物分别记为ZE-M组和BE-M组)。试验结果显示,处理组(ZE-M组和BE-M组)池塘水体中藻类组成呈多元化,隐藻、蓝藻和绿藻数量比较接近,而对照组则是蓝藻占绝对优势。试验过程中,对照池的氨氮浓度和COD呈直线上升,而处理组氨氮浓度和COD的增长幅度缓慢,ZE-M、BC-M载体微生物的使用是产生差异的直接原因。对照组和处理组的其它水质指标变化规律及差异性不明显,可能是由于池塘水体由诸多不确定因素影响所致。固定化微生物对池塘底泥TOC含量和异养细菌数的影响显著(P<0.05),试验过程中,试验组和对照组池塘底泥TOC含量随着养殖时间均有增加的趋势,但对照组这一趋势更加明显;试验初期,各组表层底泥中的异养细菌数量在3.367×105～8.60×105CFU/g范围内,试验结束时增长到85×105～393.7×105CFU/g。处理组和对照组的异养细菌差异显著(P<0.05),其中ZE-M处理组最低,仅为对照组的21.59%。试验结果表明,凡纳滨对虾生产性养殖池塘中应用固定化微生物技术能显著改善池塘水质、稳定水体藻相结构和提高微生物对污染底质的生物修复能力。Effects of immobilized microorganisms on regulation of water quality and bioremediation of polluted sediment in Litopenaeus vannamei aquaculture ponds were studied by measuring algae community structure, various water quality parameters, total organic carbon （TOC） of sediment and heterotrophic bacteria. Immobilized microorganisms included microorganisms immobilized by zeolite （ZE-M） and biological active carbon （BE-M）. The results showed that the algae were more diverse, with similar proportions of cryptophyta, blue-green and green algae in the ponds with immobilized microorganisms, while blue-green algae dominated in the control ponds. Concentration of ammonia nitrogen and COD increased linearly with culture time in the control ponds, but increased more slowly in the treatment ponds, which was probably due to the application of immobilized microorganisms of ZE-M and BE-M. Other indices of water quality did not show significant difference between treatment and control ponds. Effects of immobilized microorganisms on TOC content in the sediment and amount of heterotrophic bacteria were significant（ P 〈 0.05 ）. TOC content in the sediment in both treatment and control ponds increased with culture time, but TOC content in the control ponds increased more rapidly. At the beginning of the experiment, the amount of heterotrophic bacteria was 3.367×10^5～8.60×10^5 CFU/g, and increased to 85×10^5～393.7×10^5 CFU/g by the end of the experiment. The amount of heterotrophic bacteria between treatment ponds and control ponds was significantly different（P 〈0.05） with the lowest amount in the ZE- M group（21.59% of the amount in the control ponds）. Our study showed that immobilized microorganisms could significantly improve water quality, increase algae biodiversity and bioremediate polluted sediment in Litopenaeus vannamei aquaculture ponds.

关 键 词：凡纳滨对虾 固定化微生物 池塘养殖 藻类群落结构 污染底质 

分 类 号：Q938.8[生物学—微生物学] S966.12[农业科学—水产养殖]