低强度林窗式疏伐对云杉人工纯林地表微气候和土壤养分的短期影响  

Short term effects of low intensity thinning simulated by gap on ground microclimate and soil nutrients of pure spruce plantation

作　　者：王成[1,2] 庞学勇[1,2] 包维楷[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院成都生物研究所,中国科学院山地生态恢复与生物资源利用重点实验室,生态恢复与生物多样性保育四川省重点实验室,成都610041 [2]中国科学院研究生院,北京100049

出　　处：《应用生态学报》2010年第3期541-548,共8页Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology

基　　金：国家“十一五”科技支撑计划项目(2006BAC01A15);国家自然科学基金项目(40701181);中国科学院西部行动计划项目(KZCX2-XB2-02)资助

摘　　要：选择高密度云杉人工纯林,模拟天然林窗形成方式,开展了低强度林窗式疏伐试验,监测了地表空气温、湿度和不同土壤层次的养分状况.结果表明:疏伐后第1年,生长季(5—9月)林窗内地表日均温升高而日均湿度降低,林窗内土壤腐殖层(O层)有机质(SOM)和铵态氮(NH4+-N)含量分别增加了19.62%和283.85%,硝态氮(NO3--N)和可溶性有机碳(DOC)含量分别减少77.86%和23.60%.而0～10cm土层SOM、全氮(TN)和NO3--N含量分别比对照增加45.77%、37.14%和75.11%;NH4+-N、DOC和全磷(TP)含量分别减少48.56%、33.33%和13.11%.上述结果说明,低强度林窗式疏伐迅速改善了高密度云杉人工纯林地表阴湿的环境,增强了O层土壤微生物活性与土壤矿化过程,促进了土壤养分释放与土壤肥力恢复.Taking a dense spruce pure plantation as test object and simulating the formation of natural forest gap, this paper studied the effects of low intensity thinning by gap creation on the ground temperature, ground humidity, and nutrient contents in different soil layers of the plantation. In the first year of gap creation, the mean diurnal temperature in the gap across the growth season （May-September） increased, while the mean diurnal humidity decreased. The soil organic matter （SOM） and NH4^＋-N contents in O-horizon （humus layer） increased by 19.62% and 283.85%, and the dissolved organic carbon （DOC） and NO3^--N contents decreased by 77.86% and 23.60%, respectively. The SOM, total nitrogen （TN）, and NO3^--N contents in 0-10 cm soil layer increased by 45.77%, 37.14%, and 75.11%, and the NH4^＋-N, DOC, and total phosphorus （TP） contents decreased by 48.56%, 33.33%, and 13.11%, respectively. All the results suggested that low intensity thinning by gap creation could rapidly improve the ground microclimate of the plantation, and consequently, promote the soil microbial activity and mineralization processes in O-horizon, the release of soil nutrients, and the restoration of soil fertility.

关 键 词：疏伐 林窗 人工林 地表温度 地表湿度 土壤养分 

分 类 号：S718.5[农业科学—林学]