不同施氮量下三角形强化栽培水稻群体发育与产量形成特征  

Characteristics of Population Development and Yield Formation of Rice under Triangle- Planted System of Rice Intensification at Different Nitrogen Application Amounts

作　　者：龙旭[1,2] 汪仁全[1] 孙永健[1] 马均[1] 

机构地区：[1]四川农业大学水稻研究所,四川温江611130 [2]成都农业科技职业学院,四川温江611130

出　　处：《中国水稻科学》2010年第2期162-168,共7页Chinese Journal of Rice Science

基　　金：国家粮食丰产科技工程资助项目(2004BA520A05);四川省科技厅重点资助项目

摘　　要：以杂交水稻组合冈优527为材料,通过不同的施氮水平处理,研究了三角形强化栽培(TSRI)和传统栽培方式对水稻群体发育及产量形成的影响。TSRI下,水稻的分蘖能力增强,茎蘖成穗率提高,结实期剑叶具有较高的光合速率,能维持上3叶高效的叶面积指数及延缓根系的衰老,并提高物质累积与转运,而且TSRI与施氮量200kg/hm2配合能充分合理利用土壤和空间资源,有利于高质量群体的建成,其有效穗数、实粒数、结实率和充实率存在优势,产量最高,且显著或极显著高于其他处理,为此试验TSRI下最佳施氮水平。施氮量240kg/hm2不仅影响水稻各主要生育期正常的生理机能,造成群体过大、荫蔽严重,还会导致茎鞘物质输出量、输出率和转换率及产量的下降,因而不宜过分依赖增加氮肥来提高TSRI下的水稻产量。Hybrid rice combination Gangyou 527 was used to investigate the characteristics of population development and yield formation under triangle-planted system of rice intensification （TSRI） and traditional cultivation at different N application amounts.Rice plants under TSRI showed increased tiller number of plant population and percentage of productive tillers,high percentage of efficient leaf area index and photosynthetic rate of flag leaves,significantly enhanced root activity,and promoted dry matter accumulation and transportation during grain filling compared with traditional cultivation.Furthermore,suitable N application amount （200 kg/hm^2） under TSRI enhanced fully rational use of soil and space resources and improved population quality remarkably,and was helpful to coordinate the conflict among effective panicle number,filled grain number per panicle,seed setting rate and grain filling rate.Applying more nitrogen （240 kg/hm^2） resulted in a negative effect,leading to reduced dry matter accumulation and transportation and decreased yield,which suggests yield increase under TSRI should not rely on high nitrogen rate.

关 键 词：水稻 强化栽培 施氮量 群体发育 产量 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]