利用污水资源生产微藻生物柴油的关键技术及潜力分析  

Analysis of key techniques and production potential of biodiesel production based on microalgae with wastewater as resources

作　　者：胡洪营[1] 李鑫[1] 

机构地区：[1]清华大学环境科学与工程系//环境模拟与污染控制国家重点联合实验室,北京100084

出　　处：《生态环境学报》2010年第3期739-744,共6页Ecology and Environmental Sciences

基　　金：国家杰出青年科学基金项目(50825801);国家"十一五"科技支撑计划(2007BAC22B02)

摘　　要：21世纪人类面临着能源与水资源的双重危机与挑战。微藻制备生物柴油和微藻深度脱氮除磷分别是开发新能源和污水深度处理方面的热点研究,但二者的单一系统均存在一定的局限性。基于微藻培养的污水深度处理与生物柴油生产耦合系统可以克服上述单一系统的局限性,在深度处理污水的同时,以污水为资源制备微藻生物柴油。藻种筛选是耦合系统的前提与重点,其筛选原则为在二级出水条件下生长快、氮磷去除效率高和单位藻细胞油脂含量高。合适的藻细胞分离收获及油脂提取技术能够降低能耗;而油渣厌氧发酵可充分回收其中的能量,同时减少油渣对环境造成的不利影响。根据耦合系统的工艺特点,每年全国利用该耦合工艺以生活污水为原料生产微藻生物柴油的潜力约397万t。Energy and water resource crisis are the two major challenges of human beings in the 2!st century. Biodiesel production and inorganic nutrient removal by microalgae are the two hot topics in the research field of exploitation of new energy resource arid advanced treatment of domestic wastewater, respectively. However, limitations exist in each single system of these two technologies. The coupling system of wastewater treatment and biodiesel production based on microalgae can overcome the limitation of the two single systems, and produce biodiesel while treating wastewater. The selection of microalgal species is the basic and key point of the coupling system. The microalgal species should grow rapidly in secondary effluent, remove nitrogen and phosphorus efficiently and accumulate high content of lipid. Proper techniques of microalgal harvest and lipid extraction can save amount of energy cost. Meanwhile, anaerobic digestion of oil cake can recycle energy thoroughly and reduce its negative impact to environment. Based on the Coupling system and with domestic wastewater as raw material, the potential of biodiesel productivity nationwide is 3.97 million ton per year.

关 键 词：微藻 生物柴油 脱氮除磷 污水深度处理 

分 类 号：X703[环境科学与工程—环境工程]