职业健康检查中摄胸片取代胸透的探讨  

Study on Chest Radiograph Replacing Chest Fluoroscopy in Occupational Health Examination

作　　者：关晓熙 

机构地区：[1]广东省开平市疾病预防控制中心,529300

出　　处：《职业与健康》2010年第7期752-753,共2页Occupation and Health

摘　　要：目的探讨基层疾病预防控制中心在职业健康检查中用摄胸片取代胸部透视的利弊。方法分别从辐射危害、阳性检出率和各自优缺点3个角度进行分析比较。结果在职业健康检查中摄胸片机体所受的X射线有效剂量当量比胸部透视小11.92倍,阳性检出率是胸部透视的5倍,二者阳性检出率比较,差异有统计学意义(χ2=41.77,P<0.01)。且胸片显影清晰,对比度高,能发现早期肺微小病变和客观记录图像等优点,比胸部透视更适合在职业健康检查中应用。结论为了保障劳动者合法健康权益,减少有害X射线辐射,提高职业病(尘肺病)的检出率,提倡在基层疾病预防控制中心的职业健康检查中用X射线胸部摄片取代常规胸部透视的做法。[Objective]To discuss the advantages and disadvantages of chest radiography replacing chest fluoroscopy in occupational health examination in primary centers for disease control and prevention.[Methods]The analysis and comparison were carried out from three different views,included radiation hazards,positive rate,advantages and disadvantages of two methods.[Results]Chest fluoroscopy was 11.92 times as the effective dose equivalent of X-rays as chest radiography. The positive detection rate of chest radiography was 5 fold that of chest fluoroscopy,and there was significant different （χ2=41.77,P0.01）. Chest radiography had advantages of clear,high-contrast ratio,helping to discover the microscopic collapse of the lung in early stage and recording image objectively,and it was more suitable than chest fluoroscopy in occupational health examination.[Conclusion]In order to ensure legal health rights of workers,decrease harmful radiation of X-rays and increase the detection rate of occupational disease （pneumoconiosis）,it is suggested that routine chest fluoroscopy was replaced by chest radiography in occupational health examination in primary centers for disease control and prevention.

关 键 词：职业健康检查 有效剂量当量 随机性效应 阳性检出率 摄胸片 胸部透视 

分 类 号：R146[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]