金属离子鱼类急性毒性研究及对环境标准修订的启示意义  

Fish Acute Toxicity of Metal ions and its Inspiration for Environmental Standards Revision

作　　者：刘大胜[1] 孔强[2] 王大榜[2] 沈浩松[1] 李源[2] 

机构地区：[1]山东省环境保护科学研究设计院,山东济南250013 [2]山东师范大学生命学院,山东济南250014

出　　处：《环境科学与管理》2010年第4期38-42,共5页Environmental Science and Management

基　　金：山东省环保局科技项目

摘　　要：以斑马鱼和孔雀鱼为实验动物,进行了Cu2+、Cd2+、Zn2+和Cr6+的鱼类急性毒性试验。结果表明,这四种金属离子对受试鱼的毒性影响比较明显,对斑马鱼、孔雀鱼96 h半致死浓度分别为0.57 mg/L,12.59 mg/L,32.24 mg/L,62.27 mg/L和2.36 mg/L,17.71 mg/L,39.71 mg/L,43.40 mg/L。四种金属离子的毒性大小依次为:Cu2+>Cd2+>Zn2+>Cr6+;Cu2+、Cd2+、Zn2+对斑马鱼的影响较大,Cr6+则对孔雀鱼的影响较大。结果同时对环境标准的修订具有启示意义,现行的国家《污水综合排放标准》(GB8978-1996)和国家《地表水环境质量标准》(GB3838-2002)对废水和水环境中Cu浓度的要求偏低,在符合国家标准的情况下Cu2+在低浓度水平就具有较大的毒性,未来污水排放标准和水环境质量标准在修订中应重视这个问题。Acute toxicity of Cu^2＋,Cd^2＋,Zn^2＋ and Cr^6＋ on Brachydanio rerio and Poecilia reticulates were studied.The toxicity effects of the four metal ions on experimental fish could be observed obviously,LC50 of Brachydanio rerio and Poecilia reticulates to Cu^2＋,Cd^2＋,Zn^2＋ and Cr^6＋ in 96 h was 0.57,12.59,32.34,62.27 mg/L and 2.36,17.71,39.71,43.40 mg/L respectively.The toxicity sequence of the four metal ions to Brachydanio rerio and Poecilia reticulates was that Cu^2＋ Cd^2＋ Zn^2＋ Cr^6＋.Cu^2＋,Cd^2＋,Zn^2＋ had a high toxicity impact on Brachydanio rerio,and Cr^6＋ had a high impact on Poecilia reticulate.The results also indicated that even at the low level of concentration,Cu^2＋ had a high toxicity effect yet.The limit demand of Cu^2＋ in the existing Integrated Wastewater Discharge Standard and Environmental Quality Standards for Surface Water Quality was low,and the results suggested that special attention should be paid for this issue in the environmental standards revision in the future.

关 键 词：金属离子 Cu^2+ Cd^2+ Zn^2+ Cr^6+ 鱼类急性毒性 标准修订 

分 类 号：X503.2[环境科学与工程—环境工程]