保护性耕作对土壤部分物理特性及大豆产量的影响(英文)  

Impact of Conservation Tillage on Some Soil Physical Properties and Soybean Yields(Glycine max L. Merrill)

作　　者：林蔚刚[1] 吴俊江[1] 刘丽君[1] 钟鹏[1] 董德健[1] 林相丰 孙长锁 

机构地区：[1]黑龙江省农业科学院大豆研究所,黑龙江哈尔滨160086 [2]黑龙江九三农管局大西江农场,黑龙江嫩江161448

出　　处：《大豆科学》2010年第2期238-243,共6页Soybean Science

基　　金：supported by 948 Program of Agricultural Ministry of China in the 11th Five Year Plan(G05-6);National Key Technology R&D Program of China(2007BAD89B05-9;2009BADA8B02);Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province of China(C200 7-13)

摘　　要：研究了免耕和少耕对松嫩平原地区农田土壤温度、土壤水分、土壤紧实性等物理特性和大豆产量的影响。结果表明：在春季大豆播种期，免耕处理（NT）土壤含水量高于少耕（RT）和传统耕作（CT）。在大豆生长前期，免耕条件下的土壤平均温度低于传统耕作和少耕，传统耕作和少耕接近，免耕模式的土壤温度日较差低于少耕和传统耕作。5～20cm深度内，免耕条件下的土壤容重高于传统耕作，在10—20cm深度内，免耕和少耕接近。不同模式间的土壤机械阻力表现出差异，在0～20cm深度内，免耕高于少耕和传统耕作。不同耕作模式间的大豆产量差异不显著。短期保护性耕作试验结果表明：在当地气候和土壤条件下应用少免耕模式，能够减少春季播种期间土壤水分损失和沙尘暴侵袭造成的危害，同时对大豆产量并没有造成不利影响。The great challenge in north Songnen Plain,China is soil degradation and dry period and sandstorm attacking during soybean planting season. The objective of this work is to assess the effects of no-tillage and reduced tillage systems on soil temperature, soil water storage, soil compaction and its effects on soybean yields in a productive soil. The determinations were carried out in 2008. Notillage （NT） showed higher water storage than both reduced tillage （RT） and conventional tillage （CT） during the soybean planting season. Mean soil temperatures were lower under NT than under both RT and CT, and similar between RT and CT during the initial period. Thermal amplitude was lower under NT than under both RT and CT, and was similar between RT and CT during the first growing stage（June 4 to June 19）. Bulk density was higher under NT than under CT at 5-20 cm depth, and no different between RT and NT at 10-20 cm soil depth. Penetration resistance performed differences between tillage systems, being higher under NT than under RT and CT at 0-20 cm depth. Grain yields showed no significant differences between tillage systems. Results suggested that application of NT/RT at local climatic and soil conditions could reduce soil water deficiency/sandstorm-attacking during soybean growing season without affecting soybean grain yields in short terms of conservation tillage.

关 键 词：耕作 土壤水分 土壤温度 土壤物理特性 大豆产量 

分 类 号：S565.1[农业科学—作物学]