长江上游大型水库运行对长江上游水文过程的影响  

Impact of large reservoirs operation on the hydrological process in the upper Yangtze reaches

作　　者：金勇[1] 周建军[1] 黄国鲜[1] 

机构地区：[1]清华大学水利水电工程系水沙科学与水利工程国家重点实验室,北京100084

出　　处：《水力发电学报》2010年第2期94-101,共8页Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划973专题(2003CB415203)

摘　　要：2000年后,长江上游大型水库建设进入快速发展阶段,本文分析了长江上游60多座大型水库调节下上游主要水系出口控制水文站的径流变化过程。通过长年径流系列分析,大型水库群的调节使主要水文站汛期径流略有减少,而非汛期水量有明显增加,且径流过程比较平稳,有利于流域水资源的利用。由于水库群汛前预泄,流域5月份径流增加到汛期水平;汛后水库群蓄水,下泄径流减少到枯季水平,从而使汛期提前到来,又提前结束,汛期向前平移了一个月,显著的改变了天然径流的时空分布,将给中下游防洪形势带来新变化。根据上游水库群不同建设水平,分析了三峡枢纽的调度响应。认为在保障长江上游大型水库汛后蓄水保证率的前提下,上游水库的进一步建设有利于三峡枢纽的兴利效益。Since 2000 the construction of large reservoirs in the upper reaches of Yangtze River has stepped to a fast developing stage. This paper predicts and analyzes the changes of river runoff at the main hydrological stations located at the drainage outlets,focusing on the effect of system regulation of over 60 large reservoirs. An analysis of annual runoff indicates that regulation of this reservoir system causes a slight decrease in runoff at most of the stations during flood season and a significant increase during dry season,and the runoff process within a year becomes more stable,a favorable condition to water resource utilization in those regions. Due to reservoir pre-discharging before flood time,the runoff volume of the upper Yangtze in May increases to flood season level,while under the impoundment of reservoirs after flood time the runoff decreases to dry season level. As a result of the regulation above,the start and end of flood runoff occurs a full month ahead. This greatly changes the spatial and temporal distribution of the natural runoff,bringing a favorable turn to flood control in the middle and lower Yangtze. We also analyze the responses to the regulation of Three Gorges project（TGP） at different reservoir construction stages of the upper Yangtze,and conclude that the construction of large reservoirs in the upper Yangtze is beneficial to the TGP operation if the total storage of the large reservoirs system is guaranteed.

关 键 词：长江上游水库群 径流分析 水库群调度 水文过程 

分 类 号：TV131.4[水利工程—水力学及河流动力学]