分散性粘土鉴别方法及工程防治措施研究综述  

Overview on the studies of identification methods of dispersive clay and preventive measures

作　　者：田堪良[1] 张慧莉[2] 樊恒辉[2] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学水土保持研究所,陕西杨凌712100 [2]西北农林科技大学水利与建筑工程学院,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《水力发电学报》2010年第2期204-209,共6页Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering

基　　金：西北农林科技大学青年学术骨干项目(08);西北农林科技大学科研专项(06ZR41)

摘　　要：分散性粘土是一种抗冲蚀能力很低的土,其在我国及国外均有分布。分散性粘土在雨水或低含盐量水流作用下易发生崩解并被带走,其在水中分散的实质是土粒间的联结在水的作用下破坏的过程,也是土粒间斥力超过吸引力,使得相互排斥作用占优势的结果。因此有许多用分散性粘土修筑的土坝、渠道及堤防工程在降雨或渗流作用下会产生管涌、冲蚀裂缝、孔洞或在坡面形成沟槽等破坏。自20世纪60年代以来,研究者对分散性粘土进行了大量的研究和治理工作,取得了有价值的成果,并在工程实践中发挥了重要的指导作用。本文从分散性粘土的分散机理、分散性粘土的鉴别方法以及分散性粘土的工程防治措施等三个方面对近年来所取得的研究成果进行分析和总结;展望分散性粘土研究的发展趋势,提出该领域应重点研究的课题。Dispersive clay is a soil of very low erosion resistance capacity spread over all the countries in the world,it is easy to collapse and eroded away under the rain or low-salinity water. Dispersion in water is in essence a process of the links between soil particles being destroyed under the water action,which is a result of particle repulsion surpassing attraction. Owing to the low erosion resistance,many dams,channels and levee projects built of dispersive clays are often seriously damaged by rain or water with low salinity. This may cause failure by piping,erosion cracks,grooves and holes in the soil body,and even lead to a destructive failure. Since 1960s,tremendous studies have been carried out in China to prevent damage of dispersive clays. Many valuable achievements are made,which play a very important role in the engineering construction. This overview focuses on dispersion mechanism,identification methods and preventive measures,makes a prospect of research tendency and proposes some key research subjects in this direction.

关 键 词：岩土力学 鉴别方法 综述 分散性粘土 冲蚀破坏 

分 类 号：TU44[建筑科学—岩土工程]