高精度三维地震勘探关键技术研究及应用  

Research on High-precision 3D Seismic Prospecting Key Technologies and Application

作　　者：田忠斌 

机构地区：[1]山西省煤炭地质物探测绘院,山西晋中030600

出　　处：《中国煤炭地质》2010年第3期44-49,共6页Coal Geology of China

基　　金：国家重大产业技术开发专项项目资助(发改办高技[2005]1255)

摘　　要：针对目前中西部三维地震勘探存在的主要问题,以晋城成庄和潞安五阳两个采区三维地震勘探项目为依托,进行了高精度三维地震勘探技术攻关研究,总结出一套适合中西部复杂地区的"高精度三维地震勘探技术",即:以合理得当的观测系统、行之有效的成孔工具、严密完善的质量保证体系为基础,采用高密度采集技术、层析反演静校正技术、叠前时间偏移技术和岩性反演解释技术来提高三维地震勘探的精度和准确率。其中高密度采集技术具有小采样间隔、高覆盖次数、宽方位角、均匀的炮检距道集等优点,在提高横向分辨率的同时,也有效提高其纵向分辨能力,有利于小断层、小陷落柱或其它小地质异常的识别及解释;层析反演静校正技术特别适用于山地复杂地表条件,是解决山地资料静校正的一种有效方法;叠前时间偏移技术适用于速度纵向发生变化,而横向速度变化不大的地区,能够实现真正的共—反射点叠加,具有较好的构造成像效果和保幅性;岩性反演解释技术是将连续观测的地震资料与具有高纵向分辨率的测井资料进行关联实行优势互补,提高三维地震资料的纵、横向分辨率和对地下地质情况的勘探研究程度高。二个采区的的应用效果表明,上述技术极大提高了煤炭地质勘探的精度、准确率和解决地质问题的能力。In allusion to the major problems existed in the Midwest 3D seismic prospecting, based on two winning district 3D seismic prospecting projects in Chengzhuang of Jincheng and Wuyang of Luan carried out high-precision 3D seismic prospecting technological key problem tackling research. A set of ＂high-precision 3D seismic prospecting technology＂ has summed up adequate for Midwest complicated areas. That is to take reasonable field setup, tried and true borehole completion tools, strict and perfect quality guarantee system as foundation, use high-density acquisition technology, tomographic inversion static correction, prestack time migration and lithologic inversion interpretation technologies to improve precision and accuracy in prospecting. In which, the high density acquisition technology can provide with advantages of small sampling interval, high fold, wide position angle, even offset gather, simultaneously improve transversal and longitudinal resolutions, in favor of small fault, small subsided column or other small geological anomaly identification and interpretation. Tomographic inversion static correction technology is especially applicable to the mountainous complicated surface conditions and an effective method to settle mountainous area data statics. Prestack time migration is adequate for areas of longitudinal velocity changes, while transversal velocity changes very little, can realize genuine common- reflection point stacking, provide with better structure imaging effect and amplitude preservation. Lithologic inversion interpretation technology can associate continuously detected seismic data with high resolution well logging data and get complementary advantages, can improve 3D seismic data longitudinal and transversal resolutions and underground geological condition ascertaining. Application results in two winning districts have shown that the above technologies can largely improve coal geological exploration precision, accuracy and geological problem settlement capability.

关 键 词：高精度 三维地震 关键技术 高密度采集 层析静校正 叠前时间偏移 岩性反演 

分 类 号：P631.4[天文地球—地质矿产勘探]