华北平原区农田优化施肥技术防治立体污染效果研究  

Effect of optimized fertilization on agricultural tridimension pollution control in northern China plain

作　　者：贾树龙[2] 孟春香[2] 杨云马[1] 武雪萍[1] 王小彬[1] 蔡典雄[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所,农业部植物营养与养分循环重点实验室,农业部旱作节水重点开放实验室,北京100081 [2]河北省农林科学院农业资源环境研究所,河北石家庄050011

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2010年第2期1-6,共6页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展“973”计划项目(2007CB109305);财政部“农业立体污染防治科学创新条件建设”项目(140102-9)资助;国家“863”计划项目(2006AA100220);科技部国际合作项目(2006DFB32180)

摘　　要：通过对文献资料的分析指出,华北平原区施肥对农田环境可能造成的立体污染主要包括对地表水、地下水、大气、土壤以及农产品的污染。施肥对地表水的污染主要表现为水体的富营养化,白洋淀污染物中氮磷的输入量分别占总输入量的50.6%和34.1%;施肥对地下水的污染主要是造成地下水硝酸盐或亚硝酸盐超标;施肥对大气的污染主要是增加了N2O的排放,整个华北平原区因氮肥施用导致的N2O排放量每年约为2.25万t;施肥对土壤的污染包括重金属累积、养分失调、肥力下降、次生盐渍化多个方面;施肥对农产品的污染主要表现为农产品硝酸盐超标和重金属污染。农田优化施肥技术如控制肥料用量、平衡施肥、水肥合理配合、适当的施肥方法与施肥时期、缓控释肥料的应用等是提高肥料利用率、控制或减少农田立体污染的主要途径。Through literature summarization,the possible agricultural tridimension pollution to the farmland environment due to fertilization in northern China plain includes the pollution to the surface water,to the underground water,to the atmosphere,to the soil and to the farming products.The surface water pollution is mainly its nutrition enrichment,such as the Baiyangdian lake,in which the content of N and P takes 50.6% and 34.1% of the total contamination substance respectively.The underground water pollution is mainly the extra high content of the nitrate or nitrite.The atmosphere pollution is mainly caused by the increased N2O emission,which is counted as 22 500 tons annually through fertilization.The soil pollution aspects include the accomulation of heavy metal,the nutrient malajustment,the fertility decline,the soil salination and so on.The farming product pollution shows its extra high content of nitrate and heavy metal.The main may for increasing the fertilization efficiency and controlling or reducing the tridimension pollution of the fertilization to the farmland environment is to use optimization fertilization techniques including controlling the fertilizer rate,balanced fertilization,coordination of the fertilization with irrigation,suitable method and time of fertilization and the usage of the slow-released fertilizer.

关 键 词：华北平原 优化施肥 农业立体污染 

分 类 号：S147.2[农业科学—肥料学] X592[农业科学—农业基础科学]