在过量施氮农田中减氮和有机无机配施对土壤质量及作物产量的影响  

The effect of fertilizer ratio and rate on soil quality and crop yields in the farmland of excessive use of nitrogenous fertilizers

作　　者：娄庭[1,2] 龙怀玉[2] 杨丽娟[1] 陈宝鸿 周水亮[2] 穆真[2] 

机构地区：[1]沈阳农业大学土地与环境学院,辽宁沈阳100161 [2]中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所,农业部植物营养与养分循环重点开放实验室,北京100081 [3]云南省通海县土肥站,云南通海652700

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2010年第2期11-15,34,共6页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目(2006BAD05B06-03)

摘　　要：针对云南省通海县过度施用氮肥、氮磷钾比例不协调、有机肥施用不足的现状,在田间布置了两季作物的有机无机配施及减氮试验,以研究不同施肥配比在烤烟-蔬菜轮作情况下对土壤质量指标及作物产量的影响。结果表明:在过量施氮的肥沃土壤上,施肥处理对土壤养分的动态变化趋势没有明显影响;在农户习惯施氮量的基础上减氮20%能够提高作物产量和品质;单施无机氮肥,会造成土壤pH、有机质明显下降,施用量越大,土壤酸化越严重,土壤阳离子交换量也有不同程度下降;单施有机肥,土壤质量改善明显,但对作物养分供应不及时,造成产量较低;减氮的同时配合有机肥的施用,在改善作物品质,提高作物产量方面均有较好表现,同时对土壤质量改善有明显效果。Inadequate fertilizing,such as excessive application of nitrogen fertilizer,NPK ratio of non-conforming,insufficient application of organic,were prevalent in Tonghai county of Yunnan.Aim to illuminate the effect of fertilizer ratio and rate on soil quality and crop yields in vegetables and tobacco rotation.Field fertilization experiments with various rate of nitrogen and ratio organic to inorganic nitrogen fertilizer were carried out,going with continual soil test.The results showed that： Content of soil nutrients changed constantly,and fertilizer treatment impacted the change little;20% reduction of nitrogen application rate which was used by local farmer could improve crop yield and quality;Single application of inorganic nitrogen fertilizer,would cause the soil pH,organic matter decreased,the greater the application rate,the more serious soil acidification,soil cation exchange capacity also decreased to different extents;Single organic fertilizer,improved soil quality,but the nutrient supply for crops not in time,and resulting in lower production;By nitrogen at the same time with the application of organic fertilizer could improve crop quality,increase crop,and improve soil quality effectively.

关 键 词：烤烟蔬菜轮作 施肥配比 土壤质量 

分 类 号：S158.3[农业科学—土壤学]