穗肥运筹对超级杂交稻淦鑫688源库特征和氮肥效益的影响  

Effects of Nitrogen Application of Panicle Fertilizer on Source-Sink Characteristics and Nitrogen Fertilizer Use Efficiency of Super Hybrid Rice Ganxin 688

作　　者：李木英[1] 石庆华[1] 黄才立[1] 曾蕾[1] 潘晓华[1] 谭雪明[1] 

机构地区：[1]江西农业大学农学院,作物生理生态与遗传育种教育部重点实验室/农业部双季稻生理生态与栽培重点实验室,江西南昌330045

出　　处：《杂交水稻》2010年第2期63-72,共10页Hybrid Rice

基　　金：国家"十一五"科技支撑计划项目(2006BAD02A04);农业部超级稻研究专项--超级稻配套栽培技术开发与技术集成

摘　　要：通过不同穗肥运筹方式,探讨前氮后移对超级杂交稻组合淦鑫688源库特征的影响。结果表明,适量氮肥后移有利于优化群体质量、协调源库关系、增强叶片功能、延长叶片功能期、提高氮肥利用效益。抽穗后,叶面积指数和叶绿素含量随穗肥用量的增加而提高,而叶面积指数和叶绿素含量的下降速率随穗肥用量的增加而减缓。适量增施穗肥,可延长下位叶功能期,提高抽穗期茎鞘物质贮藏量、总库容量和单位叶面积承载的库容量,提高成穗率和结实率,减少籽粒库对茎鞘物质的需求量,提高植株抗倒伏能力,还能提高N素的物质生产力和稻谷生产力,提高N素吸施比和N素总积累量。对于淦鑫688而言,在施N量为175～205kg/hm2时,穗肥用量以占总施N量的40%～45%为好。The effects of increased nitrogen application rates in later stages on the source-sink characteristics of the super hybrid rice variety Ganxin 688 were studied through different methods of panicle-fertilizer application. The resuits showed that a reasonable increase of the nitrogen application rates in later stages was favorable to improvement of population quality, coordination of source-sink relation, enhancement of leaf functions, maintenance of a longer functional period of leaves and increase of nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency. After heading, the leaf area index （LAI） and the chlorophyll content increased but their decline rates were slowed down with the panicle-fertilizer rates added. A proper increase of panicle-fertilizer application had a good effect on prolonging the functional period of lower leaves, increasing the amount of dry matter of stems and leaf sheathes at heading stage, the total sink size a higher rate of panicle-fertilizer application could improve the dry matter output of nitrogen and the grain output of nitrogen and increase the ratio of nitrogen absorption to application and the total nitrogen accumulation amount. The suitable amount of panicle-fertilizer application was 40% - 45% of a total nitrogen fertilizer rate of 175 - 205 kg/hm^2 for Ganxin 688.

关 键 词：超级杂交稻 淦鑫688 穗肥运筹 源库特征 氮肥效益 

分 类 号：S511.06[农业科学—作物学] S143.1