三城市公共场所集中空调系统污染现状调查  

Hygienic Survey of Central Air Conditioning System in Public Places of Three Cities in South China

作　　者：李莉[1] 陈晓东[2] 许慧慧[3] 叶丹[1] 葛覃兮[1] 刘凡[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国疾病预防控制中心环境与健康相关产品安全所,北京100050 [2]江苏省疾病预防控制中心环境疾病防制科,南京210009 [3]上海市疾病预防控制中心环境卫生科,上海200336

出　　处：《环境与健康杂志》2010年第3期206-207,共2页Journal of Environment and Health

基　　金：国家"十一五"科技支撑课题(2006BAI19B04)

摘　　要：目的了解南方三城市公共场所集中空调通风系统污染现状。方法于2008年9月和2009年7月对我国南方三城市公共场所集中空调通风系统现状进行调查。检测冷却塔水、冷凝水、淋浴水、淋浴喷头涂抹样中的嗜肺军团菌,空调风管内表面积尘量和送风PM10以及细菌总数、真菌总数、β-溶血性链球菌。按照《公共场所集中空调通风系统卫生规范》进行评价。结果集中空调通风系统冷却水、冷凝水,宾馆淋浴水、淋浴喷头涂抹样中嗜肺军团菌阳性率分别为79%(190/241),8%(3/40),34%(49/143),3%(4/145);空调送风中PM10、细菌总数、真菌总数、β-溶血性链球菌合格率分别为50%(22/44),41%(18/44),64%(28/44),100%;空调风管内表面积尘、细菌总数、真菌总数、β-溶血性链球菌合格率分别为58%(25/43),81%(35/43),84%(36/43),100%。结论三城市公共场所集中空调通风系统主要污染来自嗜肺军团菌、细菌总数和PM10,应加强集中空调通风系统的清洗和消毒,从而保障人群健康。Objective To investigate and evaluate the hygienic status of the central air conditioning systems in public places of the three cities in south China. Methods The investigations of hygienic status of central air conditioning system in public places of the three cities were done in Sep. 2008 and Jul. 2009. According to Hygiene Criterion for Central Air Conditioning Ventilation System in Public Places＇, Legionella pneumophila in cooling water, freezing water, and bath water were tested, and PM10, dust weight, microorganism were collected from the air supply and duct surface. Results The positive rate of Legionella in cooling water, freezing water and bath water were 79%, 8% and 34% respectively. The qualified rate of PM10, bacteria count, total fungal plate count and β-hemolytic streptococcus were 50%, 41%, 64% andl00% in air supply respectively. The qualified rate of dust weight, bacteria count, total fungal plate count, G-hemolytic streptococcus were 58%, 81%, 84% and 100% in the duct surface respectively. Conclusion LegioneUa pneumophila, PM10 and bacteria count are considered as the dominant pollutants in the central air conditioning systems in public places in the investigated cities. Cleaning and disinfection of central air conditioning system should be done frequently to ensure the people against the health impacts from the contamination of central air conditioning system.

关 键 词：公共场所 集中空调通风系统 嗜肺军团菌 

分 类 号：R126.4[医药卫生—环境卫生学]