上海城区交通与燃气炉相关室内空气污染对儿童青少年呼吸系统疾病和症状的影响研究  

Effect of Indoor Air pollution Related to Traffic and Fuel Gas Using for Cooking on Respiratory Diseases in Children and Teenagers in Urban Area of Shanghai

作　　者：吴金贵[1] 唐传喜[1] 庄祖嘉[1] 钮春瑾[1] 卢国良[1] 徐慧萍[1] 

机构地区：[1]上海市长宁区疾病预防控制中心公共卫生监测管理科,上海200051

出　　处：《环境与健康杂志》2010年第3期244-247,共4页Journal of Environment and Health

基　　金：上海市卫生局科研基金项目(2006124)

摘　　要：目的探讨交通与燃气炉使用相关的室内空气污染物暴露对儿童与青少年呼吸道疾病和症状的影响。方法基于2007年对上海城区4～17岁儿童青少年6551名的横断面调查,按居住城区分层随机选取197名儿童,对其居室空气CO、NO2、PM10和苯进行监测,并建立居室空气污染物与最近街道距离、街道交通状况以及使用燃气的多元线性回归模型,使用该模型估计6353名儿童青少年居室空气污染物暴露水平,采用多因素Logistic分析室内污染物水平与呼吸道症状和疾病的联系。结果调整了潜在混杂因素后,室内NO2水平每增高20μg/m3与干咳(OR:1.12,95%CI:1.03～1.20)、晨起咳嗽(OR:1.08,95%CI:1.01～1.17)、喘息(OR:1.09,95%CI:1.0～1.19)、支气管炎(OR:1.21,95%CI:1.01～1.46)存在有统计学意义的联系,室内PM10水平每增高30μg/m3与干咳(OR:1.28,95%CI:1.02～1.59)、喘息(OR:1.34,95%CI:1.04～1.71)、哮喘现患(OR:1.87,95%CI:1.08～3.23)有统计学意义联系。居室靠近主要街道(<50m)以及最近街道交通繁忙也会增加干咳、晨起咳嗽、喘息的风险。结论交通和室内燃气炉使用相关室内空气污染物NO2、PM10增加儿童与青少年呼吸道症状和支气管炎患病风险。Objective To explore the indoor air pollution level related to traffic and fuel gas using for cooking and to assess its effect on the respiratory disease and symptoms in children and teenagers. Methods Based on a cross-sectional survey in 6 551 children and teenagers in the urban area of Shanghai in 2007, 197 children were randomly selected in stratified districts and the level of CO, NO2, PM10 and benzene in indoor air in their home were measured. The variables of distance of nearest street or way, traffic density and the time of using fuel gas for cooking were collected and a multiple linear regression model was established to estimate indoor air pollution level related traffic and fuel gas using for cooking. The associations between indoor air pollutants concentrations and respiratory symptoms and disease were analyzed with multiple Logistic Regression model. Results After potential founders being controlled, the significant associations were observed between per 20 μg/m3 increase of indoor NO2 concentration and dry cough（OR ： 1.12,95%CI：1.03-1.20）,morning cough（OR：1.08,95%CI：1.01-1.17）, wheezing （OR： 1.09,95%CI：1.0-1.19）, bronchitis （OR： 1.21, 95%C1：1.01-1.46）. The similar effects were observed between the per 30 μg/m3 increase of indoor PM10 concentration and dry cough （OR： 1.28,95% CI： 1.02 - 1.59）,wheeze （OR： 1.34,95% CI： 1.04-1.71）,current asthma （OR： 1.87,95% CI： 1.08 -3.23）. The significant associations were also observed between house was nearby major street/road （〈50 m）, heavy traffic on the nearby street （roads） and dry cough, morning cough and wheezing. Conclusion Indoor air pollutants, NO2 and PM10 associated with traffic and indoor gas furnace using, may increase the risk of respiratory symptoms and bronchitis for children and teenagers.

关 键 词：呼吸系统 咳嗽 喘息 哮喘 支气管炎 空气污染 室内 

分 类 号：R181.3[医药卫生—流行病学]