规模化奶牛场育成牛产污系数的测定  

Determination of Pollutants Producing Coefficient of Heifer in Large Scale Dairy Farm

作　　者：史鹏飞[1] 付建伟[2] 王淑梅[3] 赵芙蓉[4] 傅彤[1] 高腾云[1] 

机构地区：[1]河南农业大学牧医学院,河南郑州450002 [2]郑州市农产品质量检测流通中心,河南郑州450006 [3]河南省奶牛繁育中心,河南郑州450008 [4]河南科技大学动物科学系,河南洛阳471003

出　　处：《家畜生态学报》2010年第2期73-79,共7页Journal of Domestic Animal Ecology

基　　金：国家污染源普查科技专项(WX-X-07-10)

摘　　要：通过对华中地区重点监测点郑州市某千头奶牛场监测,制定出能表示该地区奶牛场育成牛产生污染物状况的产污系数。随机选择5头采食正常,健康,体重300 kg左右的育成牛,测定每头育成牛每天饲料采食量及饲料中粗蛋白、磷、铜、锌等指标,每天粪便产生量及粪中全氮、全磷、铜、锌、有机质等指标和每天尿液产生量及尿中COD、氨氮、全氮、全磷、铜、锌等指标,最后得出该奶牛场育成牛的年均产污系数为:氮126.02 g.head-1.d-1,磷60.94 g.head-1.d-1,有机质1966.18 g.head-1.d-1,铜0.143 g.head-1.d-1,锌0.953 g.head-1.d-1,COD98.908 g.head-1.d-1,氨氮1.579 g.head-1.d-1。育成牛中COD、有机质、氮、磷、锌等污染物排出量较大,且育成牛中COD、氮、磷、铜、锌、氨氮和有机质等污染物排出量随季节变化有不同变化,一旦饲粮满足育成牛的需要,多余的部分将被排到粪尿中,造成营养物质的流失和污染物产生量的增加。Determination of Pollutants Producing Coefficient of Heifer in Large Scale Dairy Farm By monitoring a large scale diary farm with over thousand cows in Zhengzhou city,the key monitoring spot in central China,the pollutants producing coefficient of Heifer which can represent the pollutants producing situation in this area was determined.Five 300kg healthy heifers were randomly selected to determine the daily feed intake and the index as crude protein,phosphorous,copper and zinc in the feed,the feces producing amount and the index as total nitrogen,total phosphorous,copper,zinc and organic matter in the feces,the urine producing amount and the index as COD,total nitrogen,total phosphorous,copper,zinc.Finally the yearly pollutants producing coefficient of the heifer in this farm was determined as： N 126.02 g·head^-1·d^-1,P 60.94 g·head^-1·d^-1,organic matter 1966.18 g·head^-1·d^-1,copper 0.143 g·head^-1·d^-1,zinc 0.953 g·head^-1·d^-1,COD 98.908 g·head^-1·d^-1,ammonia nitrogen 1.579 g·head^-1·d^-1.the results show that the heifer produced larger amount of pollutants such as COD,organic matter,N,P,and zinc,and the amount of these pollutants varied with the changes of the seasons.Once the feed met the need of the heifer,the additional amount will be transferred to the feces and urine,causing the nutrients loss and the increase of the pollutants.

关 键 词：育成牛 产污系数 饲料 

分 类 号：S811.5[农业科学—畜牧学]