江苏溧阳神墩遗址地层的孢粉记录研究  

SPORO-POLLEN RECORD OF THE SHENDUN SITE IN LIYANG,JIANGSU PROVINCE

作　　者：马春梅[1] 田名利[2] 

机构地区：[1]南京大学地理与海洋科学学院,南京210093 [2]江苏省南京博物院考古研究所,南京210016

出　　处：《微体古生物学报》2010年第1期67-76,共10页Acta Micropalaeontologica Sinica

基　　金：教育部博士点新教师基金(批准号:20070284067);国家自然科学基金(批准号:40701190);南京大学现代分析中心测试基金(批准号:0209001320)项目资助

摘　　要：对采自太湖西部的江苏溧阳市神墩遗址地层的17块土样进行了孢粉分析和研究,结果表明:在距今约7千年以前,研究地区尚无人类活动的痕迹,遗址点周围主要生长常绿和落叶阔叶混交林,如青冈、枫香、胡桃、栎、枫杨、悬铃木、榆和松等,反映比较温暖湿润的气候条件。马家浜文化早期气候温暖湿润,体现出良好的生存环境,但向晚期过渡时,气候环境发生变化,温凉偏干。马家浜文化晚期,遗址周围为亚热带常绿阔叶林,森林繁茂,气候温暖湿润,自然环境比较适宜人类活动与居住。良渚文化时期,木本植物花粉明显减少,草本花粉增加,约占孢粉总数的50%,气候环境为温凉。草本植物花粉中直径大于37μm的禾本科含量很大,达37.1%,可能是先人类进驻,开始进行农作,有水稻和小麦等农作物的大量种植。春秋时期,气候条件比良渚时期要好,较温湿,环纹藻等藻类孢子有较多出现,说明遗址区可能曾被淡水淹没成湖沼环境。The authors analyzed 17 sporo-pollen samples from the Shendun Site of Liyang in the west Taihu Lake,Jiangsu Province. The results showed that there was no human activity before 7 kaBP in this region with the occurrence of indeciduous broad forests and deciduous broad forests,such as Cyclobananopsis,Liquidambar,Juglans,Quercus,Pterocarya,Platanaceae,Ulmus and Pinus,which indicates relatively warm and humid climate. During the early period of Majiabang Culture,the climate was warm and wet,showing good favorable survival environment. But in the transition period to the late Majiabang Culture,the climate changed to cool and dry. During the late Majiabang Culture period,thickset subtropical indeciduous broad forests grew around the site,so the natural environment suited the human activities and habitation. During the period of Liangzhu Culture,the woody pollen reduced distinctly and the herbage pollen increased to 50%,representing a mild and cool climate condition. In the herbage pollen,Gramineae （bigger than 37 μm） reached 37.1%,which possibly shows that the ancients began to inhabit and cultivate abundant paddy and wheat. During the Spring and Autumn period,the climate was warm and wet,better than that of the Liangzhu Culture,with quite much ferns such as Concentricytes,indicating possible freshwater limnetic environment in the region.

关 键 词：孢粉 马家浜文化 良渚文化 气候与环境变化 人类活动 神墩遗址 溧阳 江苏 

分 类 号：Q914[天文地球—古生物学与地层学]