基于激光线光源的钢轨表面缺陷三维检测方法  

3D Detection Technique of Surface Defects for Steel Rails Based on Linear Lasers

作　　者：徐科[1] 杨朝霖[1] 周鹏[1] 梁晶[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京科技大学高效轧制国家工程研究中心,北京100083

出　　处：《机械工程学报》2010年第8期1-5,共5页Journal of Mechanical Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(60705017);'十一五'国家科技支撑计划(2006BA-E03A06)资助项目

摘　　要：将结构光三维检测方法应用于钢轨生产过程中的表面缺陷三维检测,通过在钢轨四周安装4台激光线光源和8台面阵CCD摄像机实现钢轨四个面的检测。对摄像机采集到的激光光带图像进行光带中心提取、光带中心线矫正、光带中心线与基准线的差值等步骤,得到钢轨表面深度的变化值,并将沿钢轨长度方向和高度方向的深度变化值用深度分布图表示,通过两维图像识别的方法检测缺陷所在的区域,从而实现钢轨表面缺陷的自动检测。该方法已经实现在线应用,可以达到的最大检测速度为1.5m/s,深度检测分辨力为0.2mm。The technique of 3D detection based on structured light is applied to 3D surface defect detection of steel rails during production. Four linear lasers and eight CCD area-array cameras are installed to detect the four sides of steel rails. Images of laser strips captured by CCD cameras are processed to get the depth variation value of steel rail surface with steps of extraction of strip centers, correction of strip centers, subtraction of strip centers by benchmark, and so on. Distribution of depth variations along the direction of length and height of steel rails is plotted as distribution map of depth variations, which is a 2D gray image. Areas of defects are detected by way of image recognition, thus realizing automatic defect detection. On-line industrial application of the technique shows that the maximal detection speed is 1.5 m/s and the resolution of depth detection is 0.2 mm.

关 键 词：钢轨 表面缺陷 三维检测 

分 类 号：TP274.5[自动化与计算机技术—检测技术与自动化装置]