低压缺氧建立阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征兔模型的研究  

Establishment of rabbit model of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome and its pathophysiological changes

作　　者：张妮[1] 刘熙[1] 刘刚[1] 王健[2] 

机构地区：[1]第三军医大学西南医院呼吸内科,重庆400038 [2]第三军医大学西南医院放射科,重庆400038

出　　处：《第三军医大学学报》2010年第8期773-777,共5页Journal of Third Military Medical University

基　　金：重庆市科技攻关项目(CSTC2005AC5060);第三军医大学西南医院临床研究专项基金(SW2004009)~~

摘　　要：目的研究在低压缺氧环境建立阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征兔模型的方法及模型病理生理的变化。方法将成年日本大白兔12只用随机数字表法分为对照组和实验组(每组6只),实验组置于海拔5 000 m动物低压低氧舱内饲养,每天10 h,连续4周。对照组动物正常对照饲养。对2组动物分别进行上气道CT扫描、动脉血气分析及睡眠呼吸气流监测、咽壁组织及颏舌肌病理学检查。结果①在舌骨水平CT扫描结果:实验组较对照组的咽后壁明显增厚(P<0.01)、前后径明显减小(P<0.05)、截面积明显减小(P<0.01);在软腭中点水平CT扫描结果:实验组较对照组软腭明显增厚(P<0.05),上下径明显减小(P<0.05)。②实验组较对照组睡眠期间的呼吸暂停低通气指数(apnea hypop-nea index,AHI)明显升高(P<0.01)、呼吸频率明显加快(P<0.01)、呼吸时比明显增加(P<0.01)、平均呼吸深度明显增加(P<0.05)。③实验组较对照组动脉血氧分压[p(O2)]明显降低(P<0.01)、二氧化碳分压[p(CO2)]明显增高(P<0.01)。④病理组织学显示:对照组咽后壁黏膜上皮组织为复层扁平上皮,黏膜下层腺体较少;颏舌肌肌纤维排列紧密。实验组咽壁黏膜上皮组织增厚并角化,黏膜下层组织腺体增生;颏舌肌肌纤维萎缩、有溶解断裂现象。结论低压缺氧方法可以成功建立阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征兔模型,其病理生理改变与阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征患者表现相似。Objective To investigate the establishment of rabbit model of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome（OSAS） through hypobaric hypoxia and their changes in pathophysiology.Methods Twelve adult rabbits were randomly assigned to 2 groups,control group and experimental group.The rabbits of experimental group were placed in hypobaric hypoxia cabin,in which the altitude was 5 000 m,10 h daily,for 4 weeks.The rabbits of control group were raised normally.The airway were scanned by CT,arterial blood gas was analyzed and respiratory airflow was monitored.The rabbits were sacrificed after the experiment,and pharyngeal tissue and genioglossus were harvested for pathological examination.Results In hyoid bone plane of upper airway,the pharyngeal of experimental group showed significant thickened（P〈0.01）,the anteroposterior diameter（P〈0.01） and cross-sectional area（P〈0.05） had significant decreased compared with that of the control group.In middle of soft palate plane,the soft palate of experimental group were significant thickened,the anteroposterior diameter were significant decreased compared with that of the control group（P〈0.05）.While sleeping monitoring,apnea hypopnea index（AHI） of experimental group was more than control group（P〈0.01）.The breathing rate（P〈0.01）,expiratory/inspiratory（P〈0.01） and mean respiratory depth（P〈0.05） were significantly different in the groups.Arterial oxygen pressure of experimental group was degraded（P〈0.05）,and partial pressure of carbon dioxide in arterial blood [p（CO2）] was significant elevated（P〈0.05） compared with that of the control group.In pathological examination,control group had the mucosa of pharynx was covered by stratified squamous epithelium,glandular organ was thin,and the genioglossus was arranged closely.In experiment group,the pharyngeal epithelium was cornified and proliferated,with proliferation of glandular organ,but the genioglossus was collapsed.Conclusion The hypobaric hypoxia condition can be used to pro

关 键 词：睡眠呼吸暂停综合征 阻塞性 动物模型 兔 

分 类 号：R332[医药卫生—人体生理学] R563.8[医药卫生—基础医学]