新疆野杏花部综合特征与繁育系统初步研究  

Primary Study on Floral Syndrome and Breeding System of Armeniaca Vulgaris Lam

作　　者：刘黎明[1] 刘萍[2] 梁凤丽[1] 许正 张震[1] 

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学林学与园艺学院,乌鲁木齐830052 [2]华南农业大学林学院,广州510642 [3]新疆伊犁州园艺技术推广总站,新疆伊宁83500

出　　处：《新疆农业科学》2010年第4期750-755,共6页Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家林业局林业公益性行业科研专项(200704016)

摘　　要：【目的】了解新疆野杏的繁殖适应性，为引种栽培及资源保护提供基础资料。【方法】通过野外定株观察，运用杂交指数、人工授粉和套袋试验等方法检测新疆野杏的开花状态及繁育系统，MTT法测定花粉活力，联苯胺一过氧化氢法测定柱头可授性。【结果】该种单花花期为6．7d，单花花期按其形态和散粉时间可分为现蕾初期、开花前期、未散粉期、散粉初期、散粉盛期、散粉末期、凋谢期七个阶段；开花4h左右，柱头可授性最强，此时花粉活力也最高；按照杂交指数，繁育系统属于自交亲和，有时需要传粉者；套袋试验显示其繁育系统为自交、异交亲和。【结论】新疆野杏花粉活力与柱头可授性具有同步性，其花粉活力最高的时期正是其柱头的最佳可授期；繁育系统为自交、异交并存，属于混合交配系统。[ Objective ] Floral syndrome and breeding system of Armeniaca vulgaris Lam were studied to provide basis materials for introducting and protecing the resource. [ Method] The flowering dynamics and breeding system of Armeniaca vulgaris Lam were studied by using the data of out - crossing index （OCI）, artificial and natural pollination method, pollen viability was evaluated by MT test, its stigma receptivity was estimated by benzidine- H2O2 method. [Result]The life span of individual flower was generally 6- 7 days. For each flower, the flowering process could be divided into seven periods ： bud stage, prophase of flowering, pre - dehiscence, initial dehiscence, full dehiscence, final dehiscence, withering period; About 4 hours after flowering, stigmas were at the highest receptivity, pollen were at the highest viability also; According to the outcrossing index,the breeding system of this species belong to self - compatibility, sometimes need pollinators ; The resules of artificial and natural population indicated that outcrossing is a form in breeding system of Armeniaca vulgaris Lam, it is also self - compatibility. [Conclusion] When the pollen of Armeniaca vulgaris Lam were at the highest viability, the stigmas were at the highest receptivity;The breeding system of Armeniaca vulgaris Lam is outcrossing and self- compatible, thus it is appeares to have a mixed - mating system.

关 键 词：新疆野杏 繁育系统 花部综合特征 花粉活力 柱头可授性 

分 类 号：S580.352[农业科学—作物学]