乌鲁木齐不同生境土壤甲螨群落特征初步研究  

A Preliminary Study on the Community Diversity of Soil Oribatida Mites at the Different Habitats in Urumqi

作　　者：孜比尔妮莎.吾布力 阿尔孜古力.沙塔尔 吾玛尔.阿布力孜 

机构地区：[1]新疆大学生命科学与技术学院,乌鲁木齐830046

出　　处：《新疆农业科学》2010年第4期832-841,共10页Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：新疆大学博士启动基金项目(2009-2011);国家自然科学基金项目(40961018)

摘　　要：【目的】通过对乌鲁木齐不同生境土壤甲螨群落结构特征的调查研究，查明该区土壤甲螨群落结构特征。【方法】采用形态特征分类法、群落多样性、聚类及多维度排序分析法，对土壤甲螨进行分类及群落结构特征分析。【结果】共捕获土壤螨类3753只，其中甲螨亚目为2811只、中气门亚目为515只、前气门亚目为366只及无气门亚目为61只。所捕获的2811只土壤甲螨隶属于24科28属，其中懒甲螨属（Nothrus）均为各生境共有的优势类群。多样性指数日顺序为自然林〉耕地〉路边绿地〉工业用地，季节变化都表现为秋季〉春季，垂直分布都表现出明显的表聚性（0-5cm）。MGP分析表明，自然林、耕地、路边绿地土壤甲螨群落均为O型，而工业用地为P型。对春秋两季4种不同生境甲螨群落的密度进行组间平均聚类分析，形成3组。【结论】在不同土地利用条件下，土壤甲螨群落结构及多样性均有不同，这也反应了土壤甲螨对土地利用方式的响应。不同生境甲螨无翅类和低等类的丰富度和个体密度对环境变化敏感，是较好的生物指示。[ Objective]The aim of this study was investigate the community diversity of soil oribatida mites in the different habitats in Urumqi city. [ Method ] Analysis of the community structure was conducted by using the morphological traits ,the community diversity , hierarchical and Multi- dimentional Scaling methods. [ Result] A total of 3 426 soil oribatidamites, including Oribatida （2 583）, Mesostigmata （492） , Prostigmata （351） and Astigmata（61 ） were collected. All of Oribatid mites of 2 583 were classified into 24 families, 28 genera. The dominant group was Nothrus in the four different habitats, the sequence of diversity index were as follows ： （ H ） Natural forest 〉 Farmland 〉 Grassland at roadside 〉 Industrial area, respectively. The individual densities and group numbers mainly lived in the layer of 0 - 5 cm in the soil profile, and individuals of oribatida mites were Autumn 〉 Spring. GMP analysis indicated that the soil oribatida mite communities in Natural forest, Farmland and Grassland at roadside were O type , but Industrial area was P type, the soil oribatida mites communities at the 4 habitats in Spring and Autumn were classed into 3 groups. [Conclusion]The results showed that there were differences in the community structure and diversity of the oribatida under the different land use types, and they also indicated the community of soil oribatida responses to the different land use types in Urumqi. Species richness and density of Gymonota , Macropyline and the whole community structure of oribatida were sensitive to the soil environmental changes, and suggesting that they were useful bioindicators for the soil quality of urban environment.

关 键 词：乌鲁木齐 土壤甲螨 群落多样性 MGP分析 MDS分析 

分 类 号：Q969.08[生物学—昆虫学]