生物入侵外部性的经济学分析与内部化对策  

Economic Analysis and Internalizing Policies for the Externality of Biological Invasion

作　　者：刘春兴[1] 刘海斌 温俊宝[1] 骆有庆[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学森林培育与保护教育部北京市重点实验室,北京100083 [2]吉林省长白山保护开发管理委员会,吉林133613

出　　处：《灾害学》2010年第1期133-138,共6页Journal of Catastrophology

基　　金："973"国家重大基础研究计划项目(2002CB111404);北京市哲学社会科学规划重点项目(07AeFX034);教育部"长江学者和创新团队发展计划"项目(IRT0607);北京市教委共建项目(JD100220888)

摘　　要：人们一直都在有意或无意地引入成千上万的外来物种,其中多数是有益的或至少是无害的,但少数转化为入侵种对环境、经济或人类健康等造成巨大危害。无论有益或有害,引入者本人通常既无法获得相称的收益亦不会付出相称的代价,这一事实表明外来物种是外部性的典型例证。生物入侵主要关乎外来物种的负外部性问题,因而产生了使其内部化的需要。在对生物入侵的类型进行了细分的基础上,运用经济学工具探讨了生物入侵的外部性问题与内部化对策,认为市场力量主导型的科斯方案有较大局限性,传统的政府管制型庇古方案仍应承担主要角色,同时不应忽视道德机制的作用。People have been intentionally or unintentionally introducing countless alien species, most of which are beneficial （or at least harmless） and few of which become invasive species harmful to environment, economy or human health. The fact that introducers themselves normally neither get due profits nor pay due prices whether beneficial or harmful indicates that alien species are classical examples of externality. Biological invasions are mainly concerned with negative externalities of alien species, which creates an impetus for internalizing them. This paper, based upon the subdivision of biological invasion types, analyzes the externality and internalizing policies of biological invasion by employing economic instruments, and then draws a conclusion that Coasean solutions focusing on market have major limitations, that traditional Pigouvian solutions paying more attention to governmental interventions should still play a leading role, and that the function of moral mechanism should not be disregarded .

关 键 词：外来物种 入侵物种 生物入侵 外部性 内部化对策 经济学分析 

分 类 号：F205[经济管理—国民经济]