橡胶隔振器迟滞阻尼特性识别的新方法  

A new approach to identify hysteretic damping of a rubber isolator

作　　者：孙德伟[1] 张广玉[1] 

机构地区：[1]哈尔滨工业大学机电工程学院,哈尔滨150001

出　　处：《振动与冲击》2010年第4期164-168,共5页Journal of Vibration and Shock

基　　金：国家建设高水平大学资助项目(留金出[2008]3019)

摘　　要：为了实现对含有橡胶隔振器的机械系统的建模和动力学分析,对隔振器的迟滞阻尼特性识别方法进行了研究。首先,对橡胶隔振器进行了正弦振动试验,获得不同频率,不同振幅下恢复力和位移之间的关系。接着,根据阻尼在一个振动周期内耗能相等的原则,把恢复力分解为弹性力和阻尼力,采用变刚度变阻尼法分别对不同频率下的弹性力和阻尼力进行了参数识别,获得了弹性系数和阻尼系数与振动频率之间的关系。然后,采用参数识别的结果,应用"大质量法"对含有橡胶隔振器的空心轴结构进行了建模和动力学分析,获得了质心位置响应加速度随频率变化的曲线。响应加速度的最大值为11.79g(100Hz)。最后,对整个结构进行了正弦振动试验并把响应加速度曲线和相应的振动试验结果进行了对比分析。试验结果表明:计算的响应加速度最大误差为9.2%;可以满足工程计算精度的要求。证明了这种参数识别方法的正确性,应用这种方法可以使橡胶隔振器建模和分析过程统一化和规范化。In order to realize modeling and dynamic analysis of a mechanical system containing a rubber isolator,a parameter identification method of rubber hysteretic damping was investigated.Firstly,the sine vibration test of the rubber isolator was conducted so as to acquire the relationship between the resilience force and the displacement with different frequencies and amplitudes.Secondly,according to the principle of damping dissipating same energy in one vibration period,the resilience force was decomposed into spring force and damping force,which could be identified by using a new approach called variable-rate stiffness and damping parameter identification.The relationships of elasticity coefficient and damping coefficient with variation of frequency would be obtained using this parameter identification method.Then,the above mentioned parameter identification results were applied in modeling and dynamic analysis of a shaft structure including rubber isolators.A big mass method' was also used in the process of calculating response acceleration curve with variation of frequency at the position of the mass centroid.The maximum acceleration reached 11.79g at frequency of 100Hz.Finally,the sine vibration test of the whole structure was carried out and the distinctions of the test results and the calculation results were carefully compared.Experimental results indicated that the max error of the calculation results is up to 9.2%,it satisfies the requirement of engineering calculation.It proved the correctness of this parameter identification method.Furthermore,the application of this method would make the process of modeling and analysis for a rubber isolator unified and standardized.

关 键 词：橡胶隔振器 迟滞阻尼 参数识别 大质量法 动力学分析 

分 类 号：TQ336.4[化学工程—橡胶工业] TH113.1[机械工程—机械设计及理论]