基于景观生态学方法的朝阳港潟湖湿地人类干扰强度定量评估  

Quantitative Assessment of Human Disturbance Intensity on Chaoyanggang Lagoon Wetland Based on Landscape Ecology Method

作　　者：谷东起[1] 付军[2] 丰爱平[1] 

机构地区：[1]国家海洋局第一海洋研究所,山东青岛266061 [2]青岛海洋地质研究所,山东青岛266071

出　　处：《湿地科学》2010年第1期37-42,共6页Wetland Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(40606013);山东省自然科学基金项目(Y2006E01);国家"908"专项项目(908-01-03-05-05)资助

摘　　要：以朝阳港潟湖湿地为研究区,将朝阳港潟湖湿地景观类型划分为两大类七个亚类,其中自然景观主要包括河口湿地、潟湖浅滩、沼泽和盐碱荒地;人工景观主要包括养殖池、盐田和农用地。1954～2007年的50余年间,朝阳港潟湖湿地景观总体变化趋势是从大斑块、类型较单一的自然景观为主体的景观格局向小斑块、多种景观类型共同控制的景观格局转变,不同时期景观类型及其面积变化的主要驱动因素是人类活动。为了度量人类活动干扰对潟湖湿地的影响,以景观生态学为基础,构建了人类干扰强度模型方法,对1954年以来不同时期人类活动对潟湖湿地的干扰强度进行了量化分析,提出了湿地的人类干扰强度分级标准。研究结果表明,1954～1971年期间,朝阳港潟湖湿地的人类干扰强度为轻微干扰;此后,人类对潟湖湿地的干扰强度为强干扰。对比不同时期人类活动对该潟湖湿地的干扰强度,发现在1972～1983年间人类活动对该潟湖湿地的干扰强度突然增大,该潟湖湿地的开发高峰期主要是20世纪70年代至80年代初。检验结果证明,人类干扰强度模型的计算结果是可信的。Chaoyanggang lagoon is located at 37°22＇17″N-37°24＇44″N,122°27＇34″E-122°31＇55″E,its area is approximately 1 300 ha,along the northern coast of Shandong Peninsula.Since 1950s,Chaoyanggang lagoon wetland has been impacted by human activities.The continuous rapid changes of land use have resulted in chan-ges of landscape pattern of the lagoon wetland.To understand the changes of the landscape pattern and the im-pacts of human activities on Chaoyanggang Lagoon,3 sets of history maps representing the years of 1954,1971,1983 respectively and 2 Landsat-5 TM satellite images taken in 2002 and 2007 respectively,and information of field works conducted in 2002 and 2007 were used in this study.According to the topography,hydrography,e-cosystem and vegetation of the lagoon wetland,7 landscape types were identified.In these types,lagoon shallow flat,estuarine wetland,brackish marsh and barren land belong to natural landscape,and salt pond,fishery pond and cropland belong to artificial landscapes.From 1954 to 2007,the area of the artificial landscapes increased by 768.2 ha.The main evolution of the landscape was changed form large patches and few landscape types domi-nate the landscape to small patches and lots of landscape types dominate the landscape.The landscape pattern of Chaoyanggang lagoon has significantly changed since 1970s.The landscape pattern change of Chaoyanggang La-goon was caused by human activities.In order to assess the impacts of human activities on the lagoon wetland,a mode of human disturbance intensity defined based on landscape ecology method was used and a human disturb-ance intensity grading scheme was presented in this study.The human disturbance intensity in 1954,1971,1983,2002 and 2007 were 1.75,2.16,3.65,3.98 and 4.07 on the total lagoon wetland,respectively.The results showed that the lagoonal wetland have suffered slight human disturbance from 1954 to 1971,then,the la-goonal wetland have suffered severe human disturbance.The peak stage of the wetland development was from 1972

关 键 词：朝阳港 潟湖湿地 人类活动 干扰强度 

分 类 号：P941.78[天文地球—自然地理学]