毛苔草、漂筏苔草沼泽地与大豆地近地层晴夜气温和相对湿度分布及对比研究  

Air Temperature and Relative Humidity Patterns at Surface Layer of Ass.Carex pseudocuraica-Carex lasiocarpa Marsh and Soybean Field at Clear Nights and Comparison between Them

作　　者：李莉娜[1,2] 刘兆礼[1] 闫敏华[1,3] 王毅勇[1,3] 洪雯[2,4] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所,吉林长春130012 [2]中国科学院研究生院,北京100049 [3]中国科学院湿地生态与环境重点实验室,中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所,吉林长春130012 [4]中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所,新疆乌鲁木齐830011

出　　处：《湿地科学》2010年第1期86-91,共6页Wetland Science

基　　金：中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向项目(KZCXZ-YW-425);国家自然科学基金项目(40771190)资助

摘　　要：采用野外定位观测方法,在2008年6～9月期间选取16个晴夜,在三江平原典型毛苔草、漂筏苔草(Ass.Carex pseudocuraica-Carex lasiocarpa)沼泽地及其邻近大豆地中,在距地表0.5m、1.5m、3m和5m四个高度上进行了气温和相对湿度观测;根据实测数据,分析了沼泽地和大豆地各高度夜间气温和相对湿度的分布规律及其差异。研究结果显示,晴夜,沼泽地和大豆地近地层气温的垂直分布都为逆温分布,与之相对应,二者的相对湿度垂直分布都为湿型分布;以四个高度的16夜平均气温和相对湿度为基础数据,计算得到的沼泽地近地层气温(相对湿度)的垂直递增(减)率为0.53℃/m(1.76%/m),大豆地则为0.34℃/m(1.35%/m),沼泽地近地层气温(相对湿度)的垂直递增(减)率略大(小);对比两种下垫面晴夜各观测高度的气温和相对湿度,发现只在0.5m高度上二者有明显差异,沼泽地16夜平均的气温比大豆地低0.85℃,其相对湿度比大豆地高4.39%,这是因为沼泽地植被冠层的平均高度接近0.5m,夜间植被冠层的长波辐射最强,所以其气温相对较低,相对湿度相对偏高,而大豆地的最低气温出现在地面;沼泽地和大豆地各高度气温(相对湿度)的夜间变化规律相似,都为随时间递减(增)的分布。Air temperature and relative humidity at the height of 0.5 m,1.5 m,3 m and 5m over carex pseud-ocuraica-Carex lasiocarpa marsh and adjacent soybean field were observed at 16 clear nights（20：00 to 04：00）in the Sanjiang Plain during June to September in 2008.Air temperature and relative humidity patterns of the marsh and soybean field and comparison between them at clear nights were studied in this paper.The results in-dicated that vertical pattern of the temperature was inversion pattern and that of relative humidity was wet pattern over both the marsh and soybean field.Vertical increase rates of average temperature for 16 clear nights at 4 heights in the marsh and soybean field were 0.53 ℃ /m and 0.34 ℃ /m,respectively,and their vertical de-crease rates of relative humidity were 1.76% /m and 1.35% /m.Nocturnal variation pattern of air temperature and relative humidity in both the marsh and soybean field were similar.Air temperature decreased with time when relative humidity increased as a whole.Comparing the differences of average air temperature and relative humidity for 16 clear nights between the marsh and soybean field at each height,it was found that there was a significant difference between them at 0.5 m height.There was lower air temperature and higher relative humidi-ty in the marsh than those in the soybean field,and the values of differences were 0.85 ℃ and 4.39%,respec-tively.With the height increasing,the differences that caused by different surface conditions of the two underly-ing surface became smaller.The maximum and minimum air temperature difference between the marsh and soy-bean field for 16 clear nights appeared at 20：00 and 02：00,and the values were 1.02 ℃ and 0.75 ℃;the max-imum and minimum relative humidity difference between the marsh and soybean field for 16 clear nights appeared at 01：00 and 20：00,and the values were 5.06% and 3.66%.The height of minimum air temperature occurred became lower after marsh was changed into soybean field.The underlying surface coul

关 键 词：沼泽 近地层 气温 相对湿度 晴夜 

分 类 号：P423[天文地球—大气科学及气象学] P426.1