优化施氮下稻-麦轮作体系土壤N_2O排放研究  

Effect of optimized nitrogen application on N_2O emission from paddy field under wheat-rice rotation system

作　　者：梁国庆[1] 周卫[1] 夏文建[1] 王秀斌[1] 孙静文[1] 李双来[2] 胡诚[2] 陈云峰[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所,农业部植物营养与养分循环重点开放实验室,北京100081 [2]湖北省农业科学院植保土肥所,武汉430064

出　　处：《植物营养与肥料学报》2010年第2期304-311,共8页Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers

基　　金：国家水稻产业技术体系课题;国家重点基础研究发展计划课题(2007CB109307);国家科技支撑计划课题(2006BAD25B01);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金资助

摘　　要：采用了静态箱法研究优化施氮下湖北稻-麦轮作体系农田N2O排放特征。结果表明,农田N2O排放量随施氮量增加而增加。N2O排放通量峰值大约发生在施氮后的第37~d。小麦季土壤N2O排放量范围为N2O 2.43~4.84kg/hm2,肥料氮通过N2O排放的损失率为0.54%0~.74%。水稻季土壤N2O排放量为N2O 0.892~.45 kg/hm2,肥料氮通过N2O排放的损失率为0.39%0~.47%。小麦季和水稻季施氮后01~5 d N2O排放量占当季总排放量的百分比分别为62.79%6~6.72%和87.97%9~3.14%。与习惯施氮相比,基于作物阶段氮素吸收增加追肥比例和施氮次数的优化施氮能有效减少土壤N2O排放。The static chamber-gas chromatograph method was used to measure the N2O emission from paddy field under the wheat-rice rotation system in Hubei Province.The results indicated that total N2O emission generally increased with the N application rate.The peak of N2O flux occurred within 37 days after fertilizer was applied.In wheat growing season,N2O emission varied from 2.43 to 4.84 kg/ha N2O which accounted for 0.54% to 0.74% of applied N;While in rice growing season,N2O emission varied from 0.89 to 2.45 kg/ha N2O which ranged from 0.39% to 0.47% of applied N.Majority of total N2O emission occurred over the first 15 days after N application,ranged from 62.79% to 66.72% and 87.97% to 93.14% in the wheat season and rice season respectively.Compared to farmer practice,optimizing N application associated with increasing ratios of dress N to base N fertilizer and times of split application based on plant N requirement at different growth stage could obviously reduce the N2O emission under the rice-wheat rotation system.

关 键 词：稻-麦轮作 N2O排放 水稻土 优化施氮 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学] S512.1