根区局部灌溉和有机无机氮比例对种植玉米土壤酶活性的影响  

Effects of partial root-zone irrigation and ratio of organic to inorganic N on the enzyme activities in maize-planting soil

作　　者：余江敏[1] 李伏生[1] 农梦玲[1] 

机构地区：[1]广西大学农学院,广西南宁530005

出　　处：《植物营养与肥料学报》2010年第2期334-340,共7页Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(50869001);国家"973"计划项目(2006CB403406);广西教育厅研究生教育科研创新计划项目(2007-93)资助

摘　　要：本文通过盆栽试验,研究了根区局部灌溉(PRI)和有机无机氮(N)比例对玉米拔节期、大喇叭口期和灌浆期土壤过氧化氢酶、脲酶、酸性磷酸酶和转化酶活性的影响。试验设3种灌溉方式,即常规灌溉(CI)、分根区交替灌溉(APRI)、固定部分根区灌溉(FPRI)和3种有机无机氮比例,即100%无机氮(F1)、70%无机氮+30%有机氮(F2)、40%无机氮+60%有机氮(F3)。结果表明,3个玉米生长时期土壤过氧化氢酶、脲酶和酸性磷酸酶最大值均出现在土壤含水量较高的PRI湿润区域,但转化酶较大值出现在土壤含水量较低的PRI干燥区域。有机氮比例较高的F3处理,玉米拔节期在APRI干、湿区域的土壤过氧化氢酶、脲酶、转化酶活性均高于CI区;从拔节期到灌浆期,根区局部灌溉的土壤酸性磷酸酶活性低于常规灌溉。土壤过氧化氢酶、脲酶及转化酶活性均随着有机氮肥比例的增加而增加,酸性磷酸酶活性则在F2较大。研究表明,APRI处理在其湿润区能提高土壤过氧化氢酶、脲酶及转化酶活性,且有机氮肥在提高土壤酶活性上起着重要的作用。Partial root-zone irrigation（PRI） creates a heterogeneous soil moisture distribution which may affect soil enzymatic activities.Activities of four soil enzymes were investigated using PRI pot experiments under different ratios of inorganic to organic N fertilizers from jointing to grain filling stages of maize.There were three irrigation methods,conventional irrigation（CI）,alternate PRI（APRI） and fixed PRI（FPRI）,and three ratios of inorganic to organic N,100% inorganic（F1）,70% inorganic＋30% organic（F2） and 40% inorganic＋60% organic（F3） in the experiment.The results show that highest values of soil catalase,urease and acid-phosphatase activities are in the wet root-zone of PRI,while the highest of invertase activity is in the dry root-zone of PRI from the jointing to grain filling stages.Under the F3 fertilization and APRI,soil catalase,urease and invertase activities are increased at the jointing stage compared to CI,while under the F3 fertilization and PRI,the acid-phosphatase activity is reduced from the jointing to filling stages.Soil catalase,urease and invertase activities are generally enhanced with increasing organic N ratio,but maximal acid-phosphatase activities occur under the moderate amount of organic N（F2）. Our results indicate that APRI stimulates the catalase,urease and invertase activities in its wet zone,and organic N plays a major role in enhancing soil enzymatic activities.

关 键 词：根区局部灌溉 有机无机氮比例 土壤酶活性 种植玉米土壤 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]